{"id":24819,"date":"2018-01-25T11:49:03","date_gmt":"2018-01-25T10:49:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=24819"},"modified":"2018-01-25T11:49:03","modified_gmt":"2018-01-25T10:49:03","slug":"zo-zoologickeho-zapisnika-co-mozno-vycitat-zo-stop-cicavcov-v-snehu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=24819","title":{"rendered":"Zo zoologick\u00e9ho z\u00e1pisn\u00edka: \u010co mo\u017eno vy\u010d\u00edta\u0165 zo st\u00f4p cicavcov v snehu?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zima, kedy i napriek glob\u00e1lnej zmene podnebia napadne aj v\u00a0ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch nadmorsk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161kach sneh a\u00a0udr\u017e\u00ed sa viac dn\u00ed po sebe, je st\u00e1le vz\u00e1cnej\u0161\u00edm javom. Preto, ak sa u\u017e tak\u00e1to zasne\u017een\u00e1 peri\u00f3da predsa len vyskytne, je to jedine\u010dn\u00e1 pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 pre ka\u017ed\u00e9ho nad\u0161enca, ktor\u00e9ho zauj\u00edma dianie v\u00a0pr\u00edrode, aby poodkryl niektor\u00e9 z\u00a0jej tajomstiev a\u00a0pribl\u00ed\u017eil sa trochu bli\u017e\u0161ie k\u00a0pochopeniu niektor\u00fdch biologick\u00fdch javov.<\/p>\n

Prv\u00e9, \u010do ka\u017ed\u00e9ho vn\u00edmav\u00e9ho pozorovate\u013ea zaujme pri pobyte v\u00a0zasne\u017eenej krajine, je mno\u017estvo st\u00f4p v\u00a0snehu, ktor\u00e9 tu zanech\u00e1vaj\u00fa najr\u00f4znej\u0161ie druhy \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov. Jedn\u00e1 sa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie o\u00a0stopov\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy, k\u00f4pky snehu na mieste konzum\u00e1cie rastlinnej potravy vyhrabanej spod snehovej pokr\u00fdvky alebo mieste odpo\u010dinku (le\u017eovisko), ale tie\u017e stopy zna\u010dkovacieho a\u00a0potravn\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vania (mo\u010d, trus, zvy\u0161ky po konzum\u00e1cii potravy), ktor\u00e9 zvierat\u00e1 po sebe zanech\u00e1vaj\u00fa. Najn\u00e1padnej\u0161ie s\u00fa stopy po cicavcoch a\u00a0na tie sa pozrieme zbl\u00edzka.<\/p>\n

Stopy cicavcov v\u00a0snehu prezr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa mnoh\u00e9 o\u00a0ich sp\u00f4sobe pohybu, vyh\u013ead\u00e1van\u00ed zdrojov potravy, o\u00a0druhu konzumovanej potravy, ako aj o\u00a0niektor\u00fdch prejavoch spr\u00e1vania (denn\u00fd biorytmus, strat\u00e9gia \u0161etrenia energiou pri pohybe, prejavy orienta\u010dno-p\u00e1tracieho spr\u00e1vania pri vyh\u013ead\u00e1van\u00ed potravy, prvky obrann\u00e9ho a\u00a0komfortn\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vania), a\u00a0v\u00a0neposlednom rade tie\u017e o\u00a0d\u013a\u017eke ich denn\u00fdch presunov, o vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed konfigur\u00e1cie ter\u00e9nu, ako aj o v\u00fdbere najvhodnej\u0161ieho biotopu v\u00a0snahe minimalizova\u0165 energetick\u00e9 straty v\u00a0klimaticky nepriaznivom ro\u010dnom obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Obr. 1. Odtla\u010dky st\u00f4p a\u00a0trus jele\u0148a lesn\u00e9ho<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Z odtla\u010dkov st\u00f4p v\u00a0snehu m\u00f4\u017eeme zisti\u0165 nielen o\u00a0ak\u00fd druh cicavca ide, ale \u010dasto aj pohlavie jedinca. Stopy na obr. 1 patrili jele\u0148ovi lesn\u00e9mu (samcovi), ktor\u00fd vo svojej\u00a0stopovej dr\u00e1he zanechal pri kr\u00e1tkej zast\u00e1vke aj trus. Jeho stopa je v\u00a0porovnan\u00ed s\u00a0la\u0148ou (samicou) \u0161ir\u0161ia a\u00a0m\u00e1 ov\u00e1lny obrys, zatia\u013e \u010do odtla\u010dok stopy lane b\u00fdva nielen \u0161t\u00edhlej\u0161\u00ed, ale aj viac zahroten\u00fd. Pohyboval sa na rozhran\u00ed r\u00fabaniska a\u00a0bukov\u00e9ho lesa po zvieracom chodn\u00edku (prti), ktor\u00fd jelenia zver pou\u017e\u00edva pri svojich denn\u00fdch migr\u00e1ci\u00e1ch pravidelne. Vedie vyv\u00fd\u0161enou \u010das\u0165ou ter\u00e9nu, aby zver mala dobr\u00fd v\u00fdh\u013ead na otvoren\u00e9 priestranstvo r\u00fabaniska pod sebou, a\u00a0aby v\u010das dok\u00e1zala zaregistrova\u0165 bl\u00ed\u017eiace sa nebezpe\u010denstvo. Po\u010das ch\u00f4dze po takejto prti sa miestami zastavuje, aby jej zmyslov\u00e9 org\u00e1ny (najm\u00e4 \u010duch a\u00a0sluch) mohli podrobne zmapova\u0165 okolie. Vtedy \u010dasto vylu\u010duje mo\u010d (urinuje) alebo trus (defekuje), ako to m\u00f4\u017eeme vidie\u0165 aj na fotografii.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Obr. 2. Jelene pomocou \u010duchu vyh\u013ead\u00e1vaj\u00fa a\u00a0spod snehu vyhrab\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u0161\u0165avnat\u00e9 listy v\u017edyzelenej tr\u00e1vy chlpane lesnej<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Podobne, ako sme z\u00a0odtla\u010dkov st\u00f4p jele\u0148a lesn\u00e9ho dok\u00e1zali ur\u010di\u0165 pohlavie a\u00a0niektor\u00e9 prejavy jeho spr\u00e1vania, m\u00f4\u017eu n\u00e1m mnoh\u00e9 prezradia tie\u017e stopy po hraban\u00ed jele\u0148ov v\u00a0snehu o\u00a0ich potravnom spr\u00e1van\u00ed a\u00a0o\u00a0tom, ak\u00fa potravu spod snehu z\u00edskavaj\u00fa. Ke\u010f som sa pri svojej ter\u00e9nnej poch\u00f4dzke dostal na zv\u00e1\u017enicu prech\u00e1dzaj\u00facu smre\u010dinou, vo svahu nad \u0148ou ma zaujali hromady vyhraban\u00e9ho snehu. Pri ich bli\u017e\u0161ej obhliadke som pod\u013ea odtla\u010dkov st\u00f4p zistil, \u017ee sa jednalo o\u00a0viacer\u00e9 jedince jelenej zveri, ktor\u00e9 pod vrstvou snehu na\u0161li pomocou \u010duchu energeticky v\u00fddatn\u00fd zdroj potravy \u2013 trsy chlpane lesnej – tr\u00e1vy z\u00a0\u010de\u013eade sitinovit\u00e9 (obr. 2).\u00a0 Je to trv\u00e1ca bylina a\u00a0preto jej listy zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa zelen\u00e9 aj po\u010das zimy.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edroda a jej pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 z\u00e1kony n\u00e1m op\u00e4\u0165 priniesli pote\u0161enie z\u00a0ter\u00e9nneho v\u00fdskumu zvierat priamo v\u00a0ich prirodzenom prostred\u00ed. Sledovanie ich st\u00f4p v\u00a0snehom zaviatej krajine n\u00e1m pom\u00e1ha lep\u0161ie spozn\u00e1va\u0165 ich \u017eivotn\u00e9 strat\u00e9gie zameran\u00e9 na pre\u017eitie zimn\u00e9ho obdobia v\u00a0podmienkach strednej Eur\u00f3py. Nabud\u00face v\u00e1m prinesieme report\u00e1\u017e z\u00a0pozorovania priestorovej aktivity a spr\u00e1vania srnca lesn\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00a0zimn\u00e9ho obdobia v\u00a0hor\u00e1ch L\u00fa\u010danskej Fatry.<\/p>\n

Text a\u00a0foto: Ladislav Hl\u00f4\u0161ka, zool\u00f3g Pova\u017esk\u00e9ho m\u00fazea v \u017diline<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zima, kedy i napriek glob\u00e1lnej zmene podnebia napadne aj v\u00a0ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch nadmorsk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161kach sneh a\u00a0udr\u017e\u00ed sa viac dn\u00ed po sebe, je st\u00e1le vz\u00e1cnej\u0161\u00edm javom. Preto, ak sa u\u017e tak\u00e1to zasne\u017een\u00e1 peri\u00f3da predsa len vyskytne, je to jedine\u010dn\u00e1 pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 pre ka\u017ed\u00e9ho nad\u0161enca, ktor\u00e9ho zauj\u00edma dianie v\u00a0pr\u00edrode, aby poodkryl niektor\u00e9 z\u00a0jej tajomstiev a\u00a0pribl\u00ed\u017eil sa trochu bli\u017e\u0161ie k\u00a0pochopeniu niektor\u00fdch […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24818,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24819","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezaradene"],"yoast_head":"\nZo zoologick\u00e9ho z\u00e1pisn\u00edka: \u010co mo\u017eno vy\u010d\u00edta\u0165 zo st\u00f4p cicavcov v snehu? - Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=24819\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Zo zoologick\u00e9ho z\u00e1pisn\u00edka: \u010co mo\u017eno vy\u010d\u00edta\u0165 zo st\u00f4p cicavcov v snehu? - Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Zima, kedy i napriek glob\u00e1lnej zmene podnebia napadne aj v\u00a0ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch nadmorsk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161kach sneh a\u00a0udr\u017e\u00ed sa viac dn\u00ed po sebe, je st\u00e1le vz\u00e1cnej\u0161\u00edm javom. 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