{"id":38999,"date":"2020-04-06T13:14:41","date_gmt":"2020-04-06T11:14:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=38999"},"modified":"2020-04-06T13:14:41","modified_gmt":"2020-04-06T11:14:41","slug":"akusticky-monitoring-vtakov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=38999","title":{"rendered":"Akustick\u00fd monitoring vt\u00e1kov"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mnoh\u00e9 druhy vt\u00e1kov s\u00fa zn\u00e1me t\u00fdm, \u017ee maj\u00fa v\u00fdrazn\u00fd \u010di\u00a0nezamenite\u013en\u00fd hlas, u\u00a0v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny dokonca hovor\u00edme o\u00a0speve. Tieto hlasov\u00e9 prejavy sl\u00fa\u017eia u\u00a0vt\u00e1kov naj\u010dastej\u0161ie na obhajovanie terit\u00f3ria, pr\u00edpadne na v\u00e1benie sam\u00edc sam\u010dekmi, ale aj na in\u00fa, vn\u00fatrodruhov\u00fa komunik\u00e1ciu. Tento spev sa dlhodobo pou\u017e\u00edva na mapovania v\u00fdskytu vt\u00e1kov. Pr\u00e1ve touto t\u00e9mou sa bude zaobera\u0165 s\u00e9ria pr\u00edspevkov nazvan\u00e1 Akustick\u00fd monitoring vt\u00e1kov<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00fdm predpokladom je, \u017ee spievaj\u00faci sam\u010dek sa oz\u00fdva vn\u00fatri svojho terit\u00f3ria, ktor\u00e9 nezdie\u013ea s\u00a0in\u00fdmi sam\u010dekmi. V\u00fdsledkom mapovania by malo by\u0165 poznanie po\u010dtu oz\u00fdvaj\u00facich sa jedincov. Dlhodobo pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 met\u00f3dy, ako l\u00edniov\u00e1 met\u00f3da, p\u00e1sov\u00e1 met\u00f3da, met\u00f3da bodov\u00e9ho transektu, \u010di met\u00f3da mapovania hniezdnych terit\u00f3ri\u00ed vy\u017eadovali, aby pozorovate\u013e \u2013 ornitol\u00f3g, prech\u00e1dzal ter\u00e9nom presne stanoven\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom a\u00a0zaznamen\u00e1val spievaj\u00face jedince. Probl\u00e9mom t\u00fdchto met\u00f3d je napr\u00edklad to, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 vt\u00e1ky sa oz\u00fdvaj\u00fa len kr\u00e1tku \u010das\u0165 d\u0148a, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou na \u00fasvite alebo na s\u00famraku alebo sa neoz\u00fdvaj\u00fa dos\u0165 \u010dasto.\u00a0Pozorovate\u013e mus\u00ed prejs\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00fd \u00fasek ter\u00e9nu v\u00a0kr\u00e1tkom \u010dase a nemus\u00ed ni\u010d zaznamena\u0165, ke\u010f\u017ee vt\u00e1ky sa nemusia ozva\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148.<\/p>\n

Inou mo\u017enos\u0165ou je nahr\u00e1vanie hlasu z\u00e1znamovou technikou, ke\u010f\u00a0pozorovate\u013e nemus\u00ed by\u0165 priamo pr\u00edtomn\u00fd v\u00a0ter\u00e9ne v\u00a0\u010dase, ke\u010f vt\u00e1ky spievaj\u00fa. Pozorovate\u013e vylo\u017e\u00ed v\u00a0ter\u00e9ne zariadenie, ktor\u00e9 zaznamen\u00e1 hlasy, pri \u010fal\u0161ej obch\u00f4dzke ho zoberie a\u00a0doma \u010di v\u00a0pr\u00e1ci z\u00e1znamy spracuje. Ak m\u00e1 z\u00e1znamov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed dostatok, m\u00f4\u017ee nahradi\u0165 cel\u00fd bodov\u00fd transekt, pri\u010dom v\u0161etky zariadenia zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00fa s\u00fa\u010dasne. S\u00a0vhodnou technikou m\u00f4\u017ee zase v\u00fdrazne pred\u013a\u017ei\u0165 dobu pozorovania, z\u00e1znamu. V\u00fdsledkom akustick\u00e9ho monitoringu z\u00e1znamn\u00edkmi je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou zmapovanie po\u010detnosti popul\u00e1cie druhu na nejakej l\u00ednii alebo v\u00a0\u00fazem\u00ed. Niekedy sa vyu\u017e\u00edva aj na jednoduch\u00e9 zistenie \u010di overenie pr\u00edtomnosti druhu na lokalite alebo na prieskumy priebehu hlasovej aktivity po\u010das d\u0148a alebo roka. Z\u00a0t\u00fdchto met\u00f3d vznikol cel\u00fd odbor na pomedz\u00ed zool\u00f3gie, fyziky, fyziol\u00f3gie, ekol\u00f3gie, etol\u00f3gie a technick\u00fdch discipl\u00edn, naz\u00fdvan\u00fd bioakustika. <\/em>My si spomenieme len niektor\u00e9 met\u00f3dy, ktor\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvame v\u00a0Pova\u017eskom m\u00fazeu v\u00a0\u017diline pri mapovan\u00ed vybran\u00fdch druhov vt\u00e1kov \u2013 \u00a0v\u00fdra skaln\u00e9ho (Bubo bubo<\/em>) a\u00a0jastraba ve\u013ek\u00e9ho (Accipiter gentilis<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Pri mapovan\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvame diktaf\u00f3ny. Zariadenia s\u00fa digit\u00e1lne, nahr\u00e1vky ukladaj\u00fa na pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fa kartu. Z\u00e1sadnou po\u017eiadavkou je, aby diktaf\u00f3n umo\u017e\u0148oval nastavenie \u010dasu, kedy m\u00e1 nahr\u00e1va\u0165. Je potrebn\u00e9, aby bolo zariadenie schopn\u00e9 zaznamen\u00e1va\u0165 stereo, aby bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 aspo\u0148 pribli\u017ene ur\u010di\u0165 smer, odkia\u013e zvuk prich\u00e1dza. Niektor\u00e9 diktaf\u00f3ny s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 zaznamen\u00e1va\u0165 zvuk a\u017e zo 4 smerov a\u00a0uklada\u0165 ich a\u017e v\u00a04 kan\u00e1loch. Obrovskou v\u00fdhodou je, ak diktaf\u00f3n umo\u017e\u0148uje nap\u00e1janie extern\u00fdm zdrojom, aby sme vedeli pred\u013a\u017ei\u0165 jeho v\u00fddr\u017e v\u00a0ter\u00e9ne. V\u00fdhodn\u00e9 s\u00fa men\u0161ie diktaf\u00f3ny. Na akustick\u00fd monitoring vyu\u017e\u00edvame najm\u00e4 zariadenia Olympus s\u00e9rie DM, napr. DM-450, DM-550, DM-650 a\u00a0DM-720, ktor\u00e9 sp\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa v\u0161etky uveden\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky. K\u00a0dispoz\u00edcii m\u00e1me aj diktaf\u00f3n Zoom H2n, ktor\u00fd je v\u0161ak znate\u013ene v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed, m\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161iu spotrebu a\u00a0neumo\u017e\u0148uje nastavenie \u010dasu nahr\u00e1vania. Do pr\u00edpravy v\u00fdskumu sme vlo\u017eili aj kus vlastnej invencie a\u00a0pripravili sme si vlastn\u00e9 nap\u00e1jacie extern\u00e9 zdroje, funguj\u00face na dostupn\u00fdch nab\u00edjate\u013en\u00fdch AA bat\u00e9ri\u00e1ch a\u00a0umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa n\u00e1m mnohon\u00e1sobne pred\u013a\u017ei\u0165 v\u00fddr\u017e diktaf\u00f3nu v\u00a0ter\u00e9ne a\u00a0aj vlastn\u00e9 obaly, ktor\u00e9 chr\u00e1nia diktaf\u00f3n a\u00a0bat\u00e9rie pred da\u017e\u010fom \u010di pred zrakmi n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch okoloid\u00facich. Zariadenie v\u00fdskumn\u00edk umiest\u0148uje v\u00a0ter\u00e9ne na strom 4 a\u017e 10 metrov nad zem, aby sa k\u00a0nemu dobre niesol zvuk aj z\u00a0v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej vzdialenosti, nebolo pr\u00edli\u0161 kryt\u00e9 veget\u00e1ciou, a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 aby sa zn\u00ed\u017eilo riziko jeho po\u0161kodenia alebo ukradnutia.<\/p>\n

O\u00a0met\u00f3dach spracovania z\u00e1znamov a\u00a0prv\u00fdch v\u00fdsledkoch u\u00a0v\u00fdra skaln\u00e9ho a\u00a0jastraba ve\u013ek\u00e9ho si povieme v\u00a0\u010fal\u0161\u00edch dieloch tohto seri\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ing. J\u00e1n Kicko, PhD., Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum v\u00a0\u017diline<\/p>\n

Foto a\u00a0audio: J\u00e1n Kicko<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

nahr\u00e1vka sovy oby\u010dajnej<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

fotografie z ter\u00e9nu<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/a>\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mnoh\u00e9 druhy vt\u00e1kov s\u00fa zn\u00e1me t\u00fdm, \u017ee maj\u00fa v\u00fdrazn\u00fd \u010di\u00a0nezamenite\u013en\u00fd hlas, u\u00a0v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny dokonca hovor\u00edme o\u00a0speve. Tieto hlasov\u00e9 prejavy sl\u00fa\u017eia u\u00a0vt\u00e1kov naj\u010dastej\u0161ie na obhajovanie terit\u00f3ria, pr\u00edpadne na v\u00e1benie sam\u00edc sam\u010dekmi, ale aj na in\u00fa, vn\u00fatrodruhov\u00fa komunik\u00e1ciu. Tento spev sa dlhodobo pou\u017e\u00edva na mapovania v\u00fdskytu vt\u00e1kov. Pr\u00e1ve touto t\u00e9mou sa bude zaobera\u0165 s\u00e9ria pr\u00edspevkov nazvan\u00e1 Akustick\u00fd monitoring […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":39004,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38999","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality"],"yoast_head":"\nAkustick\u00fd monitoring vt\u00e1kov - Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=38999\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Akustick\u00fd monitoring vt\u00e1kov - Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mnoh\u00e9 druhy vt\u00e1kov s\u00fa zn\u00e1me t\u00fdm, \u017ee maj\u00fa v\u00fdrazn\u00fd \u010di\u00a0nezamenite\u013en\u00fd hlas, u\u00a0v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny dokonca hovor\u00edme o\u00a0speve. Tieto hlasov\u00e9 prejavy sl\u00fa\u017eia u\u00a0vt\u00e1kov naj\u010dastej\u0161ie na obhajovanie terit\u00f3ria, pr\u00edpadne na v\u00e1benie sam\u00edc sam\u010dekmi, ale aj na in\u00fa, vn\u00fatrodruhov\u00fa komunik\u00e1ciu. Tento spev sa dlhodobo pou\u017e\u00edva na mapovania v\u00fdskytu vt\u00e1kov. Pr\u00e1ve touto t\u00e9mou sa bude zaobera\u0165 s\u00e9ria pr\u00edspevkov nazvan\u00e1 Akustick\u00fd monitoring […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=38999\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/povazskemuzeum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-04-06T11:14:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Obr-6-IMG_0847.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Autor\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 min\u00faty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/?p=38999#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/?p=38999\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/595e6a2ce731ea94dcd5d7f50a41ae33\"},\"headline\":\"Akustick\u00fd monitoring vt\u00e1kov\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-04-06T11:14:41+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/?p=38999\"},\"wordCount\":808,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/?p=38999#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/04\\\/Obr-6-IMG_0847.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Aktuality\"],\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/?p=38999\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/?p=38999\",\"name\":\"Akustick\u00fd monitoring vt\u00e1kov - Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/?p=38999#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/?p=38999#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/04\\\/Obr-6-IMG_0847.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-04-06T11:14:41+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/?p=38999#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/?p=38999\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/?p=38999#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/04\\\/Obr-6-IMG_0847.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/04\\\/Obr-6-IMG_0847.jpg\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":800},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/?p=38999#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Domovsk\u00e1 str\u00e1nka\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Akustick\u00fd monitoring vt\u00e1kov\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/\",\"name\":\"Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum\",\"description\":\"Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum v \u017diline je region\u00e1lne m\u00fazeum so s\u00eddlom v Budat\u00edne. 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