{"id":39211,"date":"2020-05-04T09:29:30","date_gmt":"2020-05-04T07:29:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=39211"},"modified":"2020-05-04T09:29:30","modified_gmt":"2020-05-04T07:29:30","slug":"opaly-zbierkovymi-predmetmi-mesiaca-maj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=39211","title":{"rendered":"Op\u00e1ly zbierkov\u00fdmi predmetmi mesiaca m\u00e1j"},"content":{"rendered":"

Geologick\u00e1 zbierka Pova\u017esk\u00e9ho m\u00fazea v \u017diline obsahuje mno\u017estvo zauj\u00edmav\u00fdch horn\u00edn a\u00a0miner\u00e1lov. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci pravidelnej rubriky zbierkov\u00fd predmet mesiaca V\u00e1m v\u00a0m\u00e1ji predstav\u00edme amorfn\u00e9 miner\u00e1ly \u2013 drevn\u00e9 a\u00a0m\u00e4sov\u00e9 op\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1zov op\u00e1l je odvoden\u00fd od staroindick\u00e9ho slova \u201eupala\u201c, ktor\u00fdm sa ozna\u010doval drah\u00fd kame\u0148.<\/p>\n

Op\u00e1ly sa vyskytuj\u00fa najm\u00e4 vo vulkanick\u00fdch pohoriach stredn\u00e9ho Slovenska,\u00a0v\u00a0Slansk\u00fdch vrchoch na v\u00fdchodnom Slovensku. \u0164a\u017eba op\u00e1lu m\u00e1 trad\u00edciu v\u00a0op\u00e1lov\u00fdch baniach Libanke \u010di Dubn\u00edku. Takmer v\u0161etky maj\u00fa hydroterm\u00e1lny vznik. \u010casto vyp\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa dutiny a\u00a0pukliny v\u00a0andezite alebo v\u00a0tufoch, no drevn\u00e9 op\u00e1ly s\u00fa \u010dast\u00e9 aj v\u00a0suti. Op\u00e1l je amorfnou formou kreme\u0148a a\u00a0vody. Jeho tvrdos\u0165 je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou 5,5 \u2013 6,5 stup\u0148a Mohsovej stupnice tvrdosti. Pri zemit\u00fdch a\u00a0\u010derstvo vznikaj\u00facich op\u00e1loch m\u00f4\u017ee klesn\u00fa\u0165 a\u017e na stupe\u0148 1. Zn\u00e1me s\u00fa viacer\u00e9 odrody op\u00e1lov. V\u00a0pr\u00edrode sa vyskytuj\u00face s\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou neprieh\u013eadn\u00e9. Napr\u00edklad mlie\u010dny, voskov\u00fd, malachytov\u00fd, drevn\u00fd \u010di m\u00e4sov\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Drevn\u00fd op\u00e1l<\/strong> patr\u00ed k\u00a0hojne roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fdm miner\u00e1lom. Vznik\u00e1 impregn\u00e1ciou dreva roztokom kyseliny kremi\u010ditej. Niekedy v\u0161ak konzervuje aj in\u00e9 organick\u00e9 zvy\u0161ky. Na Slovensku je zn\u00e1mych okolo 60 lokal\u00edt drevn\u00e9ho op\u00e1lu. Najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ou je lokalita Povrazn\u00edk, ne\u010faleko \u013dubietovej, odkia\u013e poch\u00e1dza aj nami predstaven\u00fd expon\u00e1t. Tu sa vyskytli cel\u00e9 opalizovan\u00e9 kmene bielej, hnedej a oran\u017eovo\u010dervenej farby. Viacer\u00e9 dosiahli d\u013a\u017eku aj nieko\u013eko metrov. Tieto op\u00e1ly boli zn\u00e1me u\u017e v\u00a019. storo\u010d\u00ed a\u00a0pre svoju v\u00fdnimo\u010dnos\u0165 sa dostali do takmer v\u0161etk\u00fdch eur\u00f3pskych m\u00faze\u00ed a\u00a0zbierok. Opalizovan\u00e9 kmene s\u00fa nach\u00e1dzan\u00e9 e\u0161te aj v\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti. Geologicky je ve\u013emi v\u00fdznamnou lokalitou Ve\u013ek\u00fd \u010eur pri Leviciach, kde sa vyskytuj\u00fa opalizovan\u00e9 vetvi\u010dky stromov a\u00a0kr\u00edkov v\u00a0p\u00f4vodnej stratigrafickej polohe.<\/p>\n

Zauj\u00edmavou odrodou op\u00e1lu je tie\u017e m\u00e4sov\u00fd op\u00e1l. <\/strong>Typick\u00e9 pomenovanie z\u00edskal v\u010faka svojmu fialovo\u010derven\u00e9mu zafarbeniu, niekedy aj s\u00a0vrstvi\u010dkami. Najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ou lokalitou s\u00a0v\u00fdskytom m\u00e4sov\u00fdch op\u00e1lov je obec Her\u013eany v\u00a0Slansk\u00fdch vrchoch. V\u00a0okol\u00ed obce sa v\u0161ak vyskytuj\u00fa op\u00e1ly r\u00f4znych farieb. Napr\u00edklad hned\u00e9, \u017elt\u00e9, ru\u017eovkast\u00e9, \u010di v\u00a0r\u00f4znych farebn\u00fdch kombin\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. Maj\u00fa pevn\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru, a\u00a0preto s\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 na v\u00fdrobu ozdobn\u00fdch predmetov.<\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1ver prid\u00e1vame nieko\u013eko zauj\u00edmavost\u00ed. Op\u00e1lom sa v\u00a0priebehu hist\u00f3rie pripisovali r\u00f4zne vlastnosti \u010di magick\u00e9 schopnosti. V\u00a0stredoveku sa napr\u00edklad verilo, \u017ee op\u00e1l zabalen\u00fd v\u00a0bobkovom liste sprav\u00ed jeho majite\u013ea nevidite\u013en\u00fdm. V\u00a0minulosti v\u0161ak neboli op\u00e1ly pova\u017eovan\u00e9 v\u017edy za miner\u00e1l prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00faci \u00fa\u017eitok. Jeho pozit\u00edvne vn\u00edmanie naru\u0161il spisovate\u013e Walter Scott vo svojom rom\u00e1ne Anne of Geierstein (1829). Op\u00e1l spom\u00edna ako drahokam prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00faci ne\u0161\u0165astie a\u00a0smr\u0165. Rom\u00e1n sa stal ve\u013emi popul\u00e1rny u\u00a0\u010ditate\u013eov, nako\u013eko po jeho vydan\u00ed trvalo ve\u013emi dlh\u00e9 obdobie, k\u00fdm op\u00e1l op\u00e4\u0165 z\u00edskal ob\u013eubu.<\/p>\n

Autor textu a\u00a0fotografi\u00ed<\/em>: Mgr. Andrea Slan\u00e1, PhD.\/Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum v \u017diline<\/em><\/p>\n

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Geologick\u00e1 zbierka Pova\u017esk\u00e9ho m\u00fazea v \u017diline obsahuje mno\u017estvo zauj\u00edmav\u00fdch horn\u00edn a\u00a0miner\u00e1lov. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci pravidelnej rubriky zbierkov\u00fd predmet mesiaca V\u00e1m v\u00a0m\u00e1ji predstav\u00edme amorfn\u00e9 miner\u00e1ly \u2013 drevn\u00e9 a\u00a0m\u00e4sov\u00e9 op\u00e1ly. N\u00e1zov op\u00e1l je odvoden\u00fd od staroindick\u00e9ho slova \u201eupala\u201c, ktor\u00fdm sa ozna\u010doval drah\u00fd kame\u0148. Op\u00e1ly sa vyskytuj\u00fa najm\u00e4 vo vulkanick\u00fdch pohoriach stredn\u00e9ho Slovenska,\u00a0v\u00a0Slansk\u00fdch vrchoch na v\u00fdchodnom Slovensku. \u0164a\u017eba op\u00e1lu m\u00e1 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":39212,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39211","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality"],"yoast_head":"\nOp\u00e1ly zbierkov\u00fdmi predmetmi mesiaca m\u00e1j - Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=39211\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Op\u00e1ly zbierkov\u00fdmi predmetmi mesiaca m\u00e1j - Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Geologick\u00e1 zbierka Pova\u017esk\u00e9ho m\u00fazea v \u017diline obsahuje mno\u017estvo zauj\u00edmav\u00fdch horn\u00edn a\u00a0miner\u00e1lov. 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Op\u00e1ly sa vyskytuj\u00fa najm\u00e4 vo vulkanick\u00fdch pohoriach stredn\u00e9ho Slovenska,\u00a0v\u00a0Slansk\u00fdch vrchoch na v\u00fdchodnom Slovensku. \u0164a\u017eba op\u00e1lu m\u00e1 […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=39211\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/povazskemuzeum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-05-04T07:29:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Masove-opaly-a-drevny-opal-Medium.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1152\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"768\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Autor\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 min\u00faty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/?p=39211#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/?p=39211\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/595e6a2ce731ea94dcd5d7f50a41ae33\"},\"headline\":\"Op\u00e1ly zbierkov\u00fdmi predmetmi mesiaca m\u00e1j\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-05-04T07:29:30+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/?p=39211\"},\"wordCount\":573,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/?p=39211#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/05\\\/Masove-opaly-a-drevny-opal-Medium.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Aktuality\"],\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/?p=39211\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/?p=39211\",\"name\":\"Op\u00e1ly zbierkov\u00fdmi predmetmi mesiaca m\u00e1j - Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/?p=39211#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/?p=39211#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/05\\\/Masove-opaly-a-drevny-opal-Medium.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-05-04T07:29:30+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/?p=39211#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/?p=39211\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/?p=39211#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/05\\\/Masove-opaly-a-drevny-opal-Medium.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/05\\\/Masove-opaly-a-drevny-opal-Medium.jpg\",\"width\":1152,\"height\":768},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/?p=39211#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Domovsk\u00e1 str\u00e1nka\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Op\u00e1ly zbierkov\u00fdmi predmetmi mesiaca m\u00e1j\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pmza.sk\\\/\",\"name\":\"Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum\",\"description\":\"Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum v \u017diline je region\u00e1lne m\u00fazeum so s\u00eddlom v Budat\u00edne. 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