K\u00a0ra\u0161eline sa via\u017ee nieko\u013eko fenom\u00e9nov. Je to nielen \u0161pecifick\u00e1 a\u00a0v\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti ohrozen\u00e1 veget\u00e1cia, ktor\u00e1 sa prisp\u00f4sobila podmienkam kysl\u00e9ho prostredia a\u00a0nedostatku \u017eiv\u00edn. Vo svojich vrstv\u00e1ch zachyt\u00e1va p\u00fatav\u00fd pr\u00edbeh v\u00fdvoja pr\u00edrody. Aby pribudol 1 mm ra\u0161eliny, trv\u00e1 to jeden rok. Tvor\u00ed ako keby \u010dierne skrinky, v\u00a0ktor\u00fdch m\u00e1me prostredn\u00edctvom pe\u013eov\u00fdch zrniek archivovan\u00fd z\u00e1znam o rastlinstve a t\u00fdm aj podneb\u00ed a vzh\u013eade krajiny d\u00e1vnych \u010dias. Ra\u0161elina nevznik\u00e1 len z\u00a0machov ra\u0161elinn\u00edkov. Bez pr\u00edstupu vzduchu a\u00a0v nadbytku vody sa postupne hromad\u00ed z \u010diasto\u010dne rozlo\u017een\u00fdch tiel machov a\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch rastl\u00edn. Na Slovensku sa ra\u0161elinisk\u00e1 s\u00fastre\u010fuj\u00fa najm\u00e4 v\u00a0okol\u00ed Tatier, na Orave, Liptove, Spi\u0161i, Z\u00e1hor\u00ed, Horehron\u00ed a\u00a0v Turci. Za\u010dali vznika\u0165 koncom poslednej doby \u013eadovej pribli\u017ene 12\u00a0000 a\u017e \u00a08\u00a0300 rokov pred Kristom. Najstar\u0161ie ra\u0161elinisko na na\u0161om \u00fazem\u00ed je Rojkovsk\u00e9, s vekom 17\u00a0000 rokov. V\u00a0\u017dilinskej kotline patr\u00ed medzi najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie \u0160ujsk\u00e9 ra\u0161elinisko a\u00a0H\u00fdrovsk\u00e1 slatina, na Orave sa zas vyskytuje ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo vrchov\u00edsk. Ak\u00fd je v\u00a0spomenut\u00fdch n\u00e1zvoch rozdiel? Vrchovisk\u00e1 patria medzi najextr\u00e9mnej\u0161ie biotopy, maj\u00fa ve\u013emi m\u00e1lo \u017eiv\u00edn, s\u00fa z\u00e1sobovan\u00e9 len zr\u00e1\u017ekovou vodou a\u00a0ich charakter ud\u00e1vaj\u00fa ra\u0161elinn\u00edky. Slatiny predstavuj\u00fa druh\u00fd typ ra\u0161eliniska, rast\u00fa v nich ostrice a\u00a0viacer\u00e9 druhy rastl\u00edn dobre zn\u00e1\u0161aj\u00face trval\u00e9 zamokrenie substr\u00e1tu. S\u00fa charakteristick\u00e9 vysokou a\u00a0pomerne st\u00e1lou hladinou podzemnej alebo povrchovej vody a\u00a0kyslou a\u017e z\u00e1saditou reakciou pH. Pritom tie z\u00e1saditej\u0161ie a\u00a0s vy\u0161\u0161ou koncentr\u00e1ciou v\u00e1pnika a\u00a0\u010fal\u0161\u00edch miner\u00e1lov s\u00fa druhovo bohat\u0161ie, predstavuj\u00fa naozajstn\u00e9 pokladnice na\u0161ej pr\u00edrody. V\u00a0krajine maj\u00fa ra\u0161elinisk\u00e1 viacero nenahradite\u013en\u00fdch funkci\u00ed, s\u00fa miestami bohat\u00fdmi na rozmanit\u00e9 formy \u017eivota, z\u00e1sob\u00e1r\u0148ami vody v\u00a0such\u00fdch obdobiach a\u00a0p\u00f4sobia ako tlmi\u010de pr\u00edvalov\u00fdch zr\u00e1\u017eok. Hlavn\u00fdm faktorom degrad\u00e1cie a\u00a0z\u00e1niku ra\u0161elin\u00edsk v\u00a0minulosti bola negat\u00edvna \u010dinnos\u0165 \u010dloveka, ktor\u00fa predstavovala \u0165a\u017eba ra\u0161eliny, odvod\u0148ovanie, eutrofiz\u00e1cia a\u00a0n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 zarastanie\u00a0drevinami alebo inv\u00e1znymi tr\u00e1vami.<\/p>\n
V\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina na\u0161ich najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch ra\u0161elin\u00edsk \u00fazemne chr\u00e1nen\u00e1, aj ke\u010f je \u010dasto ohrozovan\u00e1 naru\u0161en\u00edm vodn\u00e9ho re\u017eimu \u013eudsk\u00fdmi aktivitami. Exploat\u00e1cia ra\u0161eliny ako neobnovite\u013en\u00e9ho zdroja sa v\u0161ak v\u00a0r\u00e1mci glob\u00e1lneho trhu presunula do pobaltsk\u00fdch kraj\u00edn, Ukrajiny a Ruska. \u0164a\u017eba tejto suroviny sa za\u010dala intenz\u00edvnej\u0161ie rozv\u00edja\u0165 v 18. storo\u010d\u00ed, ale bola lok\u00e1lna a maloplo\u0161n\u00e1. Vyu\u017e\u00edvala sa \u010dasto ako palivo. Probl\u00e9mom sa st\u00e1va ve\u013ekoplo\u0161n\u00e1 priemyseln\u00e1 \u0165a\u017eba. Vzrastaj\u00faci dopyt po ra\u0161eline je najm\u00e4 v po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstve a z\u00e1hradn\u00edctve, pou\u017e\u00edva sa tie\u017e v\u00a0stavebn\u00edctve, chemickom priemysle a na balneoterapeutick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely. Uplatnenie nach\u00e1dza aj pri v\u00fdrobe whisky, ktorej dod\u00e1va \u0161pecifick\u00fa dymov\u00fa ar\u00f3mu. Ra\u0161elina m\u00e1 v\u0161eobecne viacero u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa pri pestovan\u00ed rastl\u00edn. V\u00fdborne prevzdu\u0161\u0148uje substr\u00e1t, dlho udr\u017euje vlhkos\u0165 p\u00f4dy, m\u00e1 ni\u017e\u0161ie pH, ktor\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00fa napr. azalky, brusnice a\u00a0\u010du\u010doriedky, rododendr\u00f3ny, vresy a\u00a0vresovce. Kysl\u00fd substr\u00e1t br\u00e1ni rastu ne\u017eiaducich bakt\u00e9ri\u00ed a\u00a0fytopatog\u00e9nov. Jej s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 nadmern\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie v\u00a0z\u00e1hradn\u00edckej praxi je v\u0161ak dlhodobo neudr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9, ro\u010dne sa vy\u0165a\u017eia vo svete mili\u00f3ny ton, neporovnate\u013ene viac, ako dok\u00e1\u017ee pribudn\u00fa\u0165. Pritom sa d\u00e1 jednoducho nahradi\u0165, napr\u00edklad jemn\u00fdm kompostom obohaten\u00fdm\u00a0drvenou drevnou \u0161tiepkou. Ak m\u00e1te vlastn\u00fd kompost, dok\u00e1\u017eete si sami namie\u0161a\u0165 vlastn\u00fd z\u00e1hradn\u00edcky substr\u00e1t s\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00edm r\u00f4znych organick\u00fdch obnovite\u013en\u00fdch zdrojov (drevn\u00e9 vl\u00e1kna, kompostovan\u00e1 k\u00f4ra a\u00a0podobne), pr\u00edpadne perlitu, ktor\u00fd v\u00fdrazne zlep\u0161uje zakore\u0148ovanie rastliniek po v\u00fdseve. Ekologicky zm\u00fd\u0161\u013eaj\u00faci z\u00e1hradn\u00edci nakupovanie drah\u00fdch substr\u00e1tov s ra\u0161elinou obmedzuj\u00fa na minimum.<\/p>\n
Kveta Kickov\u00e1, Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum v \u017diline<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
K\u00a0ra\u0161eline sa via\u017ee nieko\u013eko fenom\u00e9nov. Je to nielen \u0161pecifick\u00e1 a\u00a0v\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti ohrozen\u00e1 veget\u00e1cia, ktor\u00e1 sa prisp\u00f4sobila podmienkam kysl\u00e9ho prostredia a\u00a0nedostatku \u017eiv\u00edn. Vo svojich vrstv\u00e1ch zachyt\u00e1va p\u00fatav\u00fd pr\u00edbeh v\u00fdvoja pr\u00edrody. Aby pribudol 1 mm ra\u0161eliny, trv\u00e1 to jeden rok. Tvor\u00ed ako keby \u010dierne skrinky, v\u00a0ktor\u00fdch m\u00e1me prostredn\u00edctvom pe\u013eov\u00fdch zrniek archivovan\u00fd z\u00e1znam o rastlinstve a t\u00fdm aj podneb\u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":39296,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39295","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality"],"yoast_head":"\n