{"id":39338,"date":"2020-05-20T07:46:53","date_gmt":"2020-05-20T05:46:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=39338"},"modified":"2020-05-20T07:46:53","modified_gmt":"2020-05-20T05:46:53","slug":"masozrave-rastliny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=39338","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e4so\u017erav\u00e9 rastliny"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nie\u017eeby im k v\u00fd\u017eive nesta\u010dilo slne\u010dn\u00e9 \u017eiarenie, oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd a\u00a0voda. Sta\u010d\u00ed, pre\u017eij\u00fa. Prostredie,\u00a0 v\u00a0ktorom rast\u00fa je v\u0161ak zvy\u010dajne chudobn\u00e9 na \u017eiviny. \u010ci ide o\u00a0ra\u0161elinu, slatinu alebo vodu chudobn\u00fa na \u017eiviny. M\u00e4so\u017erav\u00e9 rastliny sa nau\u010dili dokonale vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 dostupn\u00e9 zdroje. Potravn\u00fd re\u0165azec v\u00a0tomto pr\u00edpade zmenil smer. Ak\u00e9 em\u00f3cie u\u00a0n\u00e1s preto vzbudzuj\u00fa zelen\u00e9 pred\u00e1tory?<\/p>\n

Ako m\u00e4so\u017erav\u00e9 rastliny ozna\u010dujeme skupinu so \u0161peci\u00e1lnou v\u00fd\u017eivou, ktor\u00e1 si dok\u00e1\u017ee z\u00edskava\u0165 dus\u00edkat\u00e9 l\u00e1tky z\u00a0uloven\u00fdch tiel drobn\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov. M\u00e4so\u017eravos\u0165 sa u\u00a0rastl\u00edn vyvinula v\u00a0priebehu evol\u00facie u\u00a0r\u00f4znych systematick\u00fdch jednotiek. Na Slovensku sa vyskytuje 9 druhov m\u00e4so\u017eraviek. Patria medzi ne rosi\u010dky, tu\u010dnice a\u00a0bublinatky.<\/p>\n

Rosi\u010dky dok\u00e1\u017eu pomocou pomaly sa pohybuj\u00facich tentakul\u00ed zalepen\u00edm zachyti\u0165 a\u00a0tr\u00e1vi\u0165 drobn\u00fd hmyz. Tentakuly s\u00fa viacbunkov\u00e9 pali\u010dkovito zakon\u010den\u00e9 brvy, ktor\u00e9 vyzeraj\u00fa akoby mali na konci kvapku rosy. Vyrastaj\u00fa na l\u00edcnej strane listu. Ich \u017eliazkat\u00e9 hlavi\u010dky vylu\u010duj\u00fa sliz a\u00a0tr\u00e1viace enz\u00fdmy. Reakcia listu je vyvolan\u00e1 dotykom koristi a\u00a0uvo\u013e\u0148ovan\u00edm ur\u010dit\u00fdch chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok. V\u00a0priebehu nieko\u013ek\u00fdch hod\u00edn sa list za\u010dne oh\u00fdba\u0165, obklop\u00ed \u017eivo\u010d\u00edcha a\u00a0vytvor\u00ed t\u00fdm obal, ktor\u00fd tr\u00e1vi koris\u0165 a\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasne br\u00e1ni aj vykradnutiu pasce napr\u00edklad mravcami. Riadenie tohto pohybu sprostredkov\u00e1vaj\u00fa rastlinn\u00e9 horm\u00f3ny. Rosi\u010dka okr\u00fahlolist\u00e1 rastie na chudobn\u00fdch, kysl\u00fdch a\u00a0vlhk\u00fdch ra\u0161elinn\u00fdch p\u00f4dach, \u010dasto v porastoch ra\u0161elinn\u00edkov. Oproti jej roz\u0161\u00edreniu v\u00a0minulosti, pre\u017e\u00edva u\u017e len na zlomkoch z\u00a0p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho mno\u017estva lokal\u00edt. Rosi\u010dka anglick\u00e1 je e\u0161te ove\u013ea vz\u00e1cnej\u0161\u00edm druhom, odli\u0161uje sa dlh\u0161\u00edmi listami.<\/p>\n

Bublinatky \u017eij\u00fa vo vode a maj\u00fa k\u00a0z\u00edskavaniu koristi vyvinut\u00e9 \u0161peci\u00e1lne nas\u00e1vacie pasce s\u00a0tr\u00e1viacimi \u017eliazkami. Pasce vznikli premenou listov. Je v nich udr\u017eovan\u00fd podtlak,\u00a0pri ich otvoren\u00ed preto nasaj\u00fa vodu aj s\u00a0pr\u00edpadnou koris\u0165ou. Otvorenie a\u00a0zatvorenie vie\u010dka nastane pri podr\u00e1\u017eden\u00ed citliv\u00fdch b\u0155v a prebehne\u00a0r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou 1,6 m za sekundu. Ide o\u00a0bezkonkuren\u010dne najr\u00fdchlej\u0161\u00ed pohyb zaznamenan\u00fd u\u00a0rastl\u00edn. Metabolicky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 od\u010derp\u00e1vanie vody z\u00a0mech\u00farikov prebieha nepretr\u017eite pomocou pre\u010derp\u00e1vac\u00edch \u017eliazok a\u00a0pasca sa otv\u00e1ra aj spont\u00e1nne po dosiahnut\u00ed kritickej hladiny podtlaku po pribli\u017ene 8 hodin\u00e1ch. Pasce bublinatiek s\u00fa husto os\u00eddlen\u00e9 mikroorganizmami, podobne ako je to v\u00a0\u010drev\u00e1ch cicavcov. Bakt\u00e9rie dok\u00e1\u017eu uvo\u013eni\u0165 \u017eiviny z\u00a0organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok, ktor\u00e9 by boli inak pre bublinatky nedostupn\u00e9. Podn\u00e1jomn\u00edci v\u00a0podobe bakt\u00e9ri\u00ed, rias a\u00a0prvokov zas vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa k\u00a0v\u00fd\u017eive v\u00fdlu\u010dky metabolizmu t\u00fdchto rastl\u00edn. Dokonal\u00fd pr\u00edklad vz\u00e1jomne prospe\u0161n\u00e9ho spoluna\u017e\u00edvania. Bublinatky si svojich pomocn\u00edkov v\u00a0mlad\u00fdch mech\u00farikoch akt\u00edvne pestuj\u00fa. V\u010faka tejto mikrofl\u00f3re nalapanej samovo\u013en\u00fdm otv\u00e1ran\u00edm pasc\u00ed, z\u00edskavaj\u00fa n\u00e1sledne viac potrebn\u00fdch l\u00e1tok na svoj rast a\u00a0v\u00fdvin ako loven\u00edm. Bublinatky nemaj\u00fa ani vyvinut\u00e9 korene, maj\u00fa len husto rozkon\u00e1ren\u00fa stonku a vo\u013ene pl\u00e1vaj\u00fa na hladine. Ide o\u00a0jednoro\u010dn\u00e9 rastliny, ktor\u00e9 prezimuj\u00fa vo forme turi\u00f3nu. Bublinatka men\u0161ia rastie v\u00a0jazierkach a\u00a0depresi\u00e1ch na ra\u0161elinisk\u00e1ch a\u00a0slatin\u00e1ch. Pri vyschnut\u00ed priehlbiny m\u00f4\u017ee prejs\u0165 aj na suchozemsk\u00fd sp\u00f4sob \u017eivota.<\/p>\n

Tu\u010dnice s\u00fa pr\u00edle\u017eitostne hmyzo\u017erav\u00e9 rastliny. Listy im vyrastaj\u00fa v\u00a0pr\u00edzemnej ru\u017eici, s\u00fa na okrajoch v\u00fdrazne nadvihnut\u00e9. Rast\u00fa na nich silno lepiv\u00e9 stopkat\u00e9 \u017eliazky vylu\u010duj\u00face sliz a\u00a0sediace \u017eliazky produkuj\u00face tr\u00e1viace enz\u00fdmy. Drobn\u00fd hmyz sa prilep\u00ed na sekr\u00e9t a\u00a0cez listy sa \u017eiviny z\u00a0hmyz\u00edch natr\u00e1ven\u00fdch tiel vstreb\u00e1vaj\u00fa. Nestr\u00e1ven\u00e9 \u010dasti potom odf\u00fakne vietor. Na Slovensku rastie tu\u010dnica alp\u00ednska a tu\u010dnica oby\u010dajn\u00e1. Podobaj\u00fa sa, okrem stanov\u00ed\u0161\u0165 v\u00fdskytu sa daj\u00fa rozl\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 farbou kvetu, prv\u00e1 z nich m\u00e1 korunu modrofialov\u00fa, \u010fal\u0161ia slonovinovobielu a\u017e bledo\u017elt\u00fa.<\/p>\n

Kv\u011bta Kickov\u00e1, Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum v\u00a0\u017diline<\/p>\n

Foto: Kv\u011bta Kickov\u00e1, Anna Kuchar\u010d\u00edkov\u00e1<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nie\u017eeby im k v\u00fd\u017eive nesta\u010dilo slne\u010dn\u00e9 \u017eiarenie, oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd a\u00a0voda. Sta\u010d\u00ed, pre\u017eij\u00fa. Prostredie,\u00a0 v\u00a0ktorom rast\u00fa je v\u0161ak zvy\u010dajne chudobn\u00e9 na \u017eiviny. \u010ci ide o\u00a0ra\u0161elinu, slatinu alebo vodu chudobn\u00fa na \u017eiviny. M\u00e4so\u017erav\u00e9 rastliny sa nau\u010dili dokonale vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 dostupn\u00e9 zdroje. Potravn\u00fd re\u0165azec v\u00a0tomto pr\u00edpade zmenil smer. Ak\u00e9 em\u00f3cie u\u00a0n\u00e1s preto vzbudzuj\u00fa zelen\u00e9 pred\u00e1tory? Ako m\u00e4so\u017erav\u00e9 rastliny ozna\u010dujeme […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":39339,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39338","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality"],"yoast_head":"\nM\u00e4so\u017erav\u00e9 rastliny - Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=39338\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"M\u00e4so\u017erav\u00e9 rastliny - Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nie\u017eeby im k v\u00fd\u017eive nesta\u010dilo slne\u010dn\u00e9 \u017eiarenie, oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd a\u00a0voda. Sta\u010d\u00ed, pre\u017eij\u00fa. Prostredie,\u00a0 v\u00a0ktorom rast\u00fa je v\u0161ak zvy\u010dajne chudobn\u00e9 na \u017eiviny. \u010ci ide o\u00a0ra\u0161elinu, slatinu alebo vodu chudobn\u00fa na \u017eiviny. M\u00e4so\u017erav\u00e9 rastliny sa nau\u010dili dokonale vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 dostupn\u00e9 zdroje. Potravn\u00fd re\u0165azec v\u00a0tomto pr\u00edpade zmenil smer. Ak\u00e9 em\u00f3cie u\u00a0n\u00e1s preto vzbudzuj\u00fa zelen\u00e9 pred\u00e1tory? 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