{"id":39394,"date":"2020-05-28T09:36:23","date_gmt":"2020-05-28T07:36:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=39394"},"modified":"2020-05-28T09:36:23","modified_gmt":"2020-05-28T07:36:23","slug":"kolko-vyrov-skalnych-huka-v-okrese-zilina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=39394","title":{"rendered":"Ko\u013eko v\u00fdrov skaln\u00fdch h\u00faka v okrese \u017dilina?"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00a0predo\u0161l\u00fdch dieloch s\u00e9rie o\u00a0akustickom monitoringu vt\u00e1kov sme si uviedli z\u00e1klady metodiky akustick\u00e9ho mapovania popul\u00e1ci\u00ed vt\u00e1kov. Dozvedeli ste sa, ak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvame nahr\u00e1va\u010de, ak\u00e9 maj\u00fa vlastnosti \u010di nastavenia vhodn\u00e9 pre akustick\u00fd monitoring a\u00a0ako sprac\u00favame z\u00edskan\u00e9 nahr\u00e1vky. V\u00a0tomto diele si porozpr\u00e1vame, ako sa mapuje popul\u00e1cia v\u00fdra skaln\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdr skaln\u00fd je na\u0161a najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia a\u00a0najsilnej\u0161ia sova. Dosahuje rozp\u00e4tie kr\u00eddel 140 a\u017e 170 cm a\u00a0hmotnos\u0165 1,5 a\u017e 2,75 kg, pri\u010dom samice s\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie ako samce. Lov\u00ed r\u00f4zne \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy, od hrabo\u0161ov cez je\u017ee a\u017e po zajace z\u00a0cicavcov a\u00a0od mal\u00fdch spevavcov, cez vodn\u00e9 vt\u00e1ky a\u017e po dravce a\u00a0sovy. Preto je pokladan\u00fd za superpred\u00e1tora. T\u00fdmto pojmom sa toti\u017e v\u00a0odbornej literat\u00fare pomen\u00favaj\u00fa druhy, ktor\u00e9 be\u017ene lovia in\u00e9 pred\u00e1tory.<\/p>\n

Mapovanie popul\u00e1cie v\u00fdra skaln\u00e9ho je zalo\u017een\u00e9 na jeho hlasovej aktivite, na zn\u00e1mom \u201eh\u00fakan\u00ed\u201c. H\u00fakanie je celkom n\u00e1padn\u00e9 a\u00a0hlu\u010dn\u00e9, teda \u010faleko po\u010dute\u013en\u00e9. Pod\u013ea zahrani\u010dnej literat\u00fary v\u00fdr h\u00faka najm\u00e4 pri z\u00e1pade slnka a\u00a0to u\u017e od okt\u00f3bra, teda d\u00e1vno pred hniezden\u00edm. Pod\u013ea slovenskej literat\u00fary by vraj malo sta\u010di\u0165 ve\u010der pri zotmen\u00ed po\u010d\u00fava\u0165 na vhodnej lokalite 20 min\u00fat a\u00a0mali by sme zachyti\u0165 h\u00fakanie v\u00fdra, ak je lokalita v\u00fdrmi obsaden\u00e1. V\u00fdhodou u v\u00fdra je, \u017ee hniezdi predov\u0161etk\u00fdm na skal\u00e1ch a\u00a0v\u00a0kame\u0148olomoch, \u010di\u017ee mapovanie nemus\u00ed by\u0165 plo\u0161n\u00e9, sta\u010d\u00ed diktaf\u00f3ny rozmiest\u0148ova\u0165 na t\u00fdchto miestach. St\u00e1va sa v\u0161ak, \u017ee hniezdi aj v\u00a0lese v hniezde po dravcoch \u010di bocianovi \u010diernom, v\u00a0strmom svahu, pod v\u00fdvratom, pr\u00edpadne aj na niektor\u00fdch stavb\u00e1ch, ako nepou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 mosty \u010di kostoly, a\u00a0tak m\u00f4\u017ee na\u0161ej pozornosti unikn\u00fa\u0165 \u010das\u0165 popul\u00e1cie. Nev\u00fdhodou je, \u017ee \u010dasto hniezdi bl\u00edzko \u013eudsk\u00fdch s\u00eddel, ciest alebo ve\u013ek\u00fdch riek, a\u00a0preto mus\u00edme po\u010d\u00edta\u0165 s\u00a0ve\u013ek\u00fdm hlukom s\u0165a\u017euj\u00facim spracovanie nahr\u00e1vok. V\u00a0pr\u00edpade sk\u00famania v\u00fdra je vhodn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 inform\u00e1cie od miestnych \u013eud\u00ed \u010di u\u017e amat\u00e9rskych ornitol\u00f3gov alebo po\u013eovn\u00edkov. Po\u013eovn\u00edci sa pohybuj\u00fa v\u00a0ter\u00e9ne \u010dasto pr\u00e1ve na zotmen\u00ed a\u00a0o\u00a0v\u00fdrovi vo svojom rev\u00edri skoro ur\u010dite vedia. Na v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine hniezd\u00edsk sme sa po akustickom zachyten\u00ed v\u00fdra sna\u017eili doh\u013eada\u0165 aj obsaden\u00e9 hniezdo alebo aspo\u0148 in\u00e9 znaky jeho pr\u00edtomnosti, ako zvy\u0161ky potravy, v\u00fdvr\u017eky, vyp\u0155chnut\u00e9 per\u00e1, aby sme hniezdisko \u010do najpresnej\u0161ie lokalizovali a preuk\u00e1zali.<\/p>\n

Mapovanie v\u00fdra v\u00a0okrese \u017dilina vykon\u00e1va zool\u00f3g Pova\u017esk\u00e9ho m\u00fazea od roku 2016. Dosia\u013e nie je zmapovan\u00fd cel\u00fd okres. K\u00a0mapovaniu poskytli svoje poznatky o\u00a0roz\u0161\u00edren\u00ed v\u00fdra najm\u00e4 J\u00e1n Obuch, ktor\u00fd tu v\u00fdry sk\u00famal najm\u00e4 v\u00a070. a\u00a080. rokoch 20. storo\u010dia, \u010falej Pavol \u017didek, Roald Tretin\u00edk, Michal Kala\u0161, Pavol Chabada, Dominika Kaisov\u00e1, Fedor Sedilek, Juraj \u017diak, Tom\u00e1\u0161 Flajs, J\u00e1n Kor\u0148an, Martin Mikol\u00e1\u0161.<\/p>\n

Zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee v\u00a0podmienkach slovensk\u00fdch z\u00edm v\u00fdry po za\u010dat\u00ed toku od polovice septembra do konca okt\u00f3bra zna\u010dne ut\u00edchnu v\u00a0obdob\u00ed november \u2013 za\u010diatok janu\u00e1ra. Na mnoh\u00fdch hlu\u010dn\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch v\u00fdry neh\u00fakaj\u00fa pri z\u00e1pade slnka ale nesk\u00f4r, po ut\u00edchnut\u00ed antropick\u00e9ho hluku, niekde a\u017e po polnoci. Dvadsa\u0165 min\u00fat sa uk\u00e1zalo ako ve\u013emi kr\u00e1tky \u010das na zistenie, \u010di je lokalita v\u00fdrmi obsaden\u00e1, \u010dasto nesta\u010d\u00ed vypo\u010du\u0165 jednu noc vo vhodnom obdob\u00ed, ale pred\u013a\u017ei\u0165 z\u00e1znam a\u017e na tri noci.<\/p>\n

Dosia\u013e boli diktaf\u00f3ny in\u0161talovan\u00e9 na 95 miestach okresu. Hniezda boli doh\u013eadan\u00e9 na 5 lokalit\u00e1ch. Aspo\u0148 akusticky boli v\u00fdry zisten\u00e9 na \u010fal\u0161\u00edch 13 lokalit\u00e1ch. Hodnovern\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o\u00a0po\u010dutom h\u00fakan\u00ed v\u00fdrov od in\u00fdch pozorovate\u013eov s\u00fa e\u0161te z\u00a0\u010fal\u0161\u00edch \u0161tyroch lokal\u00edt,<\/p>\n

\u010di\u017ee spolu asi 22 hniezd\u00edsk. Dosia\u013e bola zmapovan\u00e1 len viac ako polovica \u00fazemia okresu. V\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je e\u0161te dos\u0165 pred\u010dasn\u00e9 vyhodnoti\u0165 po\u010detnos\u0165 za cel\u00fd okres \u017dilina, zd\u00e1 sa v\u0161ak, \u017ee hustota popul\u00e1cie je tu vysok\u00e1 a\u00a0hniezdi tu mo\u017eno 25 \u2013 35 p\u00e1rov, \u010do je asi 1\/12 celoslovenskej popul\u00e1cie, odhadovanej na 300 \u2013 400 p\u00e1rov. Pritom v\u00a0Chr\u00e1nenom vt\u00e1\u010dom \u00fazem\u00ed Mal\u00e1 Fatra, pre ktor\u00e9 je v\u00fdr skaln\u00fd tzv. krit\u00e9riov\u00fdm druhom, hniezdia len 4 p\u00e1ry.<\/p>\n

\u017divot v\u00a0bl\u00edzkosti \u013eud\u00ed prin\u00e1\u0161a v\u00fdrom mnoh\u00e9 rizik\u00e1. Ve\u013ea v\u00fdrov hynie po \u00faraze elektrick\u00fdm pr\u00fadom na st\u013apoch elektrick\u00e9ho vedenia. \u010cast\u00e9 s\u00fa zr\u00e1\u017eky s\u00a0autami a\u00a0vlakmi. Pr\u00edle\u017eitostne s\u00fa zis\u0165ovan\u00e9 aj otravy, zrejme po skonzumovan\u00ed priotr\u00e1ven\u00e9ho potkana \u010di in\u00e9ho hlodavca a\u00a0z\u00e1strely. Okres \u017dilina predstavuje, zd\u00e1 sa, v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 jadro popul\u00e1cie v\u00fdra skaln\u00e9ho s\u00a0vysokou po\u010detnos\u0165ou a\u00a0hustotou popul\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n

\u010carovn\u00e9 z\u00e1\u017eitky pri po\u010d\u00favan\u00ed \u201ehu-\u00fa\u00fa\u201c v\u00fdra skaln\u00e9ho V\u00e1m \u017eel\u00e1me z\u00a0Pova\u017esk\u00e9ho m\u00fazea v\u00a0\u017diline.<\/p>\n

Viac o\u00a0met\u00f3dach a\u00a0porovnan\u00ed so zisten\u00fdmi hustotami inde v\u00a0Eur\u00f3pe sa m\u00f4\u017eete do\u010d\u00edta\u0165 v\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku: Kicko J., 2017: Hustota popul\u00e1cie v\u00fdra skaln\u00e9ho (Bubo bubo<\/em>) vo vybranej \u010dasti okresu \u017dilina. In: Kala\u0161 M. & Kicko J.: Zborn\u00edk z konferencie \u201eV\u00fdskum a ochrana Malej Fatry\u201d, Var\u00edn, s. 26 \u2013 29<\/p>\n

text a\u00a0foto: Ing. J\u00e1n Kicko, PhD. \u2013 zool\u00f3g Pova\u017esk\u00e9ho m\u00fazea v \u017diline<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00a0predo\u0161l\u00fdch dieloch s\u00e9rie o\u00a0akustickom monitoringu vt\u00e1kov sme si uviedli z\u00e1klady metodiky akustick\u00e9ho mapovania popul\u00e1ci\u00ed vt\u00e1kov. Dozvedeli ste sa, ak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvame nahr\u00e1va\u010de, ak\u00e9 maj\u00fa vlastnosti \u010di nastavenia vhodn\u00e9 pre akustick\u00fd monitoring a\u00a0ako sprac\u00favame z\u00edskan\u00e9 nahr\u00e1vky. V\u00a0tomto diele si porozpr\u00e1vame, ako sa mapuje popul\u00e1cia v\u00fdra skaln\u00e9ho. V\u00fdr skaln\u00fd je na\u0161a najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia a\u00a0najsilnej\u0161ia sova. Dosahuje rozp\u00e4tie kr\u00eddel 140 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":39395,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39394","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality"],"yoast_head":"\nKo\u013eko v\u00fdrov skaln\u00fdch h\u00faka v okrese \u017dilina? - Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=39394\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ko\u013eko v\u00fdrov skaln\u00fdch h\u00faka v okrese \u017dilina? - Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"V\u00a0predo\u0161l\u00fdch dieloch s\u00e9rie o\u00a0akustickom monitoringu vt\u00e1kov sme si uviedli z\u00e1klady metodiky akustick\u00e9ho mapovania popul\u00e1ci\u00ed vt\u00e1kov. Dozvedeli ste sa, ak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvame nahr\u00e1va\u010de, ak\u00e9 maj\u00fa vlastnosti \u010di nastavenia vhodn\u00e9 pre akustick\u00fd monitoring a\u00a0ako sprac\u00favame z\u00edskan\u00e9 nahr\u00e1vky. V\u00a0tomto diele si porozpr\u00e1vame, ako sa mapuje popul\u00e1cia v\u00fdra skaln\u00e9ho. V\u00fdr skaln\u00fd je na\u0161a najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia a\u00a0najsilnej\u0161ia sova. 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