{"id":39577,"date":"2020-06-22T07:36:04","date_gmt":"2020-06-22T05:36:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=39577"},"modified":"2020-06-22T07:36:04","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T05:36:04","slug":"kvetena-v-muzeu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=39577","title":{"rendered":"Kvetena v m\u00fazeu"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00fazeum je pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e1 in\u0161tit\u00facia, ktorej poslan\u00edm je uchov\u00e1va\u0165 hmotn\u00e9 doklady v\u00fdvoja \u013eudskej spolo\u010dnosti a\u00a0pr\u00edrody. Pr\u00edrodovedne zameran\u00e9 m\u00faze\u00e1 dokladuj\u00fa stav pr\u00edrody herb\u00e1rov\u00fdmi polo\u017ekami. \u00a0Herb\u00e1r tvoria su\u0161en\u00edm a\u00a0lisovan\u00edm konzervovan\u00e9 rastliny, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 v\u00a0tejto forme pre\u010dka\u0165 aj nieko\u013eko sto rokov. Takto na plocho \u00a0upraven\u00e9 s\u00fa upevnen\u00e9 alebo vo\u013ene polo\u017een\u00e9 na listoch papiera spolu s\u00a0herb\u00e1rovou etiketou takzvanou schedou. Scheda\u00a0 obsahuje vedeck\u00e9 pomenovanie rastliny, presn\u00e9 geografick\u00e9 \u00fadaje o\u00a0lokalite n\u00e1lezu, stru\u010dn\u00fa charakteristiku stanovi\u0161\u0165a, d\u00e1tum zberu a meno zberate\u013ea a\u00a0meno odborn\u00edka, ktor\u00fd rastlinu ur\u010dil. Herb\u00e1rov\u00e9 polo\u017eky preto predstavuj\u00fa autentick\u00fd zdroj inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o\u00a0fl\u00f3re danej oblasti. Dokladuj\u00fa v\u00fdskyt konkr\u00e9tnych rastlinn\u00fdch druhov na ur\u010dit\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch v\u00a0ur\u010ditom \u010dase. Fond je tvoren\u00fd druhmi s\u00a0r\u00f4znou v\u00fdpovednou hodnotou (zriedkav\u00fdmi i chr\u00e1nen\u00fdmi, s\u00a0jedinou alebo s m\u00e1lo lokalitami v\u00fdskytu alebo be\u017en\u00fdmi druhmi, endemitmi, inv\u00e1znymi druhmi a\u00a0pod.). Zast\u00fapen\u00e9 v \u0148om b\u00fdvaj\u00fa i\u00a0druhy z\u00a0lokal\u00edt, ktor\u00e9 dnes u\u017e neexistuj\u00fa a\u00a0ich herb\u00e1rov\u00e1 polo\u017eka je potom napr\u00edklad jedin\u00fdm dokladom o\u00a0v\u00fdskyte v\u00a0regi\u00f3ne. Aj s\u00a0odstupom \u010dasu sa daj\u00fa napr\u00edklad z\u00a0rastlinn\u00fdch vzoriek zisti\u0165 genetick\u00e9 \u00fadaje alebo inform\u00e1cie o\u00a0prostred\u00ed, v\u00a0ktorom r\u00e1stli. Systematick\u00e9 budovanie herb\u00e1ra je jednou z\u00a0hlavn\u00fdch prior\u00edt pracovnej n\u00e1plne botanika alebo botani\u010dky v\u00a0m\u00fazeu. Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum je v\u00a0pr\u00edrodovednej oblasti koncipovan\u00e9 ako region\u00e1lne m\u00fazeum, jeho zbernou oblas\u0165ou je severoz\u00e1padn\u00e9 Slovensko. Konkr\u00e9tne s\u00fa to orografick\u00e9 celky Mal\u00e1 Fatra, Kriv\u00e1nska i\u00a0L\u00fa\u010dansk\u00e1, Kysuck\u00e1 vrchovina, severn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 Str\u00e1\u017eovsk\u00fdch vrchov, Javorn\u00edky a\u00a0\u017dilinsk\u00e1 kotlina. Botanick\u00fd zbierkov\u00fd fond PMZA tvor\u00ed evidovan\u00e1 zbierka herb\u00e1rov\u00fdch polo\u017eiek vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch rastl\u00edn, machorastov a\u00a0li\u0161ajn\u00edkov. Herb\u00e1r je vybudovan\u00fd vlastn\u00fdm zberom odborn\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edka alebo pracovn\u00ed\u010dky m\u00fazea, \u010di u\u017e cielenou zbierkotvornou \u010dinnos\u0165ou alebo ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 v\u00fdskumn\u00fdch \u00faloh, pr\u00edpadne zbierkami z\u00edskan\u00fdmi k\u00fapou alebo darmi. Najstar\u0161ie zbery v\u00a0herb\u00e1ri s\u00fa z\u00edskan\u00e9 Ladislavom D\u00fdlikom (1600 polo\u017eiek), ktor\u00fd v\u00a0rokoch 1960 a\u017e 1963 pre m\u00fazeum externe pracoval. Od roku 1969 do roku 2015 vytv\u00e1rala herb\u00e1r botani\u010dka RNDr. Vikt\u00f3ria Urbanov\u00e1, CSc., za toto obdobie herb\u00e1r nar\u00e1stol o vy\u0161e 15\u00a0000 polo\u017eiek. Fond machorastov sa z\u00edskaval v\u00a0preva\u017enej miere k\u00fapou od popredn\u00fdch odborn\u00edkov v\u00a0tejto oblasti. V\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti m\u00e1 botanick\u00fd zbierkov\u00fd fond m\u00fazea 17 280 polo\u017eiek. Vy\u0161\u0161ie rastliny s\u00fa z\u00a0tohto po\u010dtu zast\u00fapen\u00e9 9 476 ks, machorasty 7327 a\u00a0li\u0161ajn\u00edkov je 477 ks. Zo systematick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska je z ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch rastl\u00edn zast\u00fapen\u00fdch 128 rodov a\u00a0771 druhov\u00a0 pe\u010de\u0148oviek, machov a\u00a0li\u0161ajn\u00edkov. Vy\u0161\u0161ie druhy rastl\u00edn reprezentuje vy\u0161e 1300 druhov z\u00a0526 rodov, najpo\u010detnej\u0161ie je zast\u00fapen\u00fd rod ostr\u00edc (Carex<\/em>) a to 52 druhmi.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdber druhov, ktor\u00e9 sa maj\u00fa dosta\u0165 do herb\u00e1ra z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na expertnom odhade odborn\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edka a\u00a0prihliada sa na nasledovn\u00e9 krit\u00e9ri\u00e1: zbieraj\u00fa sa druhy rastl\u00edn na v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch botanick\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 e\u0161te nie s\u00fa dokladovan\u00e9 \u017eiadnym herbarizovan\u00fdm materi\u00e1lom (tzv. biele miesta), zber prebieha na lokalit\u00e1ch ohrozen\u00fdch zni\u010den\u00edm (stavebn\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165 a\u00a0pod.), prioritne sa dokladuje druhov\u00e9 zast\u00fapenie biotopov s\u00a0mal\u00fdm plo\u0161n\u00fdm roz\u0161\u00edren\u00edm v\u00a0r\u00e1mci regi\u00f3nu, dokumentuj\u00fa sa region\u00e1lne vz\u00e1cne druhy a\u00a0druhy s\u00a0negat\u00edvnym trendom v\u00fdvoja roz\u0161\u00edrenia (v\u0161etko s\u00a0d\u00f4sledn\u00fdm re\u0161pektovan\u00edm legislat\u00edvy na ochranu pr\u00edrody a\u00a0krajiny). Taktie\u017e sa zberaj\u00fa taxonomicky alebo chorologicky nedostato\u010dne pre\u0161tudovan\u00e9 druhy rastl\u00edn a ich \u010fal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskum potom prebieha v spolupr\u00e1ci s\u00a0vedeck\u00fdmi in\u0161tit\u00faciami. V\u0161eobecne sa dokladuj\u00fa v\u0161etky rastlinn\u00e9 druhy prirodzene rast\u00face v\u00a0zbernej oblasti, ktor\u00e9 e\u0161te nie s\u00fa zast\u00fapen\u00e9 v\u00a0zbierkovom fonde, aby sa zachytila cel\u00e1 fl\u00f3ra regi\u00f3nu, stav a\u00a0v\u00fdvoj krajiny potom doklad\u00e1 n\u00e1rast alebo \u00fabytok ur\u010dit\u00fdch druhov, ktor\u00fdch v\u00fdskyt je viazan\u00fd na prebiehaj\u00face zmeny v\u00a0krajine (napr. druhy indikuj\u00face postupuj\u00facu synantropiz\u00e1ciu, prenikaj\u00face inv\u00e1zne rastliny, ustupuj\u00face archeofyty a\u00a0podobne).<\/p>\n

Kv\u011bta Kickov\u00e1, Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum v\u00a0\u017diline<\/p>\n

foto: arch\u00edv PMZA<\/p>\n

myrikovka nemeck\u00e1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

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pa\u013eadenec pr\u00edmorsk\u00fd<\/p>\n

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plav\u00fanik splo\u0161ten\u00fd<\/p>\n

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prasli\u010dkovka zimn\u00e1<\/p>\n

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\u0161a\u0161ina hrdzav\u00e1<\/p>\n

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\u0161tet\u00f4\u010dka chlpat\u00e1<\/p>\n

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botani\u010dka Vikt\u00f3ria Urbanov\u00e1<\/p>\n

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mach strapa\u0148a<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u00fazeum je pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e1 in\u0161tit\u00facia, ktorej poslan\u00edm je uchov\u00e1va\u0165 hmotn\u00e9 doklady v\u00fdvoja \u013eudskej spolo\u010dnosti a\u00a0pr\u00edrody. Pr\u00edrodovedne zameran\u00e9 m\u00faze\u00e1 dokladuj\u00fa stav pr\u00edrody herb\u00e1rov\u00fdmi polo\u017ekami. \u00a0Herb\u00e1r tvoria su\u0161en\u00edm a\u00a0lisovan\u00edm konzervovan\u00e9 rastliny, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 v\u00a0tejto forme pre\u010dka\u0165 aj nieko\u013eko sto rokov. Takto na plocho \u00a0upraven\u00e9 s\u00fa upevnen\u00e9 alebo vo\u013ene polo\u017een\u00e9 na listoch papiera spolu s\u00a0herb\u00e1rovou etiketou takzvanou schedou. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":39578,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39577","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality"],"yoast_head":"\nKvetena v m\u00fazeu - Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=39577\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kvetena v m\u00fazeu - Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"M\u00fazeum je pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e1 in\u0161tit\u00facia, ktorej poslan\u00edm je uchov\u00e1va\u0165 hmotn\u00e9 doklady v\u00fdvoja \u013eudskej spolo\u010dnosti a\u00a0pr\u00edrody. 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