{"id":44014,"date":"2021-02-26T12:45:37","date_gmt":"2021-02-26T11:45:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=44014"},"modified":"2021-02-26T12:45:37","modified_gmt":"2021-02-26T11:45:37","slug":"vzacne-polne-buriny-z-herbara-zbierkovym-predmetom-marca","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=44014","title":{"rendered":"Vz\u00e1cne po\u013en\u00e9 buriny z herb\u00e1ra zbierkov\u00fdm predmetom marca"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum v\u00a0\u017diline pravidelne predstavuje verejnosti zbierkov\u00fd predmet mesiaca a\u00a0ke\u010f\u017ee sa bl\u00ed\u017ei jar, v\u00a0marci to bud\u00fa vz\u00e1cne po\u013en\u00e9 buriny z\u00a0fondu botaniky. So zmenou krajiny a\u00a0sp\u00f4sobu hospod\u00e1renia v\u00a0nej sa men\u00ed aj jej fl\u00f3ra. Niektor\u00e9 druhy rastl\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 boli pred 60 rokmi be\u017en\u00fdmi sprievodcami po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych plod\u00edn s\u00fa dnes v\u00a0aktu\u00e1lnom \u010cervenom zozname veden\u00e9 ako nezvestn\u00e9 alebo kriticky ohrozen\u00e9. K\u00fako\u013e, po st\u00e1ro\u010dia ve\u013emi hojn\u00e1 nepr\u00edjemn\u00e1 burina obiln\u00fdch pol\u00ed, je dnes botanick\u00e1 rarita, ktorej hroz\u00ed vo vo\u013enej pr\u00edrode vyhynutie. Niektor\u00e9 z\u00a0nich s\u00fa pritom z\u00a0n\u00e1\u0161ho \u00fazemia zn\u00e1me u\u017e od doby bronzovej. Buriny sprev\u00e1dzaj\u00fa \u010dloveka od za\u010diatku po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva. Ve\u013ea z\u00a0nich m\u00e1\u00a0 svoju pravlas\u0165 v\u00a0oblasti Stredomoria a\u00a0Bl\u00edzkeho v\u00fdchodu, napr\u00edklad ako hlav\u00e1\u010dik letn\u00fd alebo nev\u00e4dza po\u013en\u00e1. S\u00fa to zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a jednoro\u010dn\u00e9 rastliny, ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1zali ide\u00e1lne vyu\u017ei\u0165 orn\u00fa p\u00f4du ako miesto na svoj rozkvet.<\/p>\n

Aj buriny m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 z\u00a0botanick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska vz\u00e1cne. V\u00a0herb\u00e1ri Pova\u017esk\u00e9ho m\u00fazea m\u00e1me zast\u00fapen\u00fd k\u00fako\u013e po\u013en\u00fd z\u00a0lokality Nov\u00fd Chlmec pri \u017diline, kde r\u00e1stol v\u00a0roku 1959. Tento atrakt\u00edvny kvietok \u010dervenofialovej farby s\u00a0tromi \u010dernast\u00fdmi pr\u00fa\u017ekami na ka\u017edom z\u00a0piatich korunn\u00fdch lupienkov sa stal symbolom str\u00e1caj\u00facej sa po\u013enej fl\u00f3ry. V\u00a0minulosti, ke\u010f e\u0161te neexistovali tak prec\u00edzne postupy \u010distenia osiva, sa dost\u00e1vali semen\u00e1 bur\u00edn na polia priamou \u010dinnos\u0165ou hospod\u00e1ra. A\u00a0z\u00a0toho samozrejme profitovali rastliny ako k\u00fako\u013e, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa ve\u013ekostne a\u00a0hmotnostne podobn\u00e9 semen\u00e1 ako cie\u013eov\u00e1 plodina. K\u00fako\u013eu sa darilo najm\u00e4 v\u00a0porastoch ra\u017ee. Jeho semen\u00e1 s\u00fa v\u0161ak jedovat\u00e9, ich pomletie spolu s\u00a0obil\u00edm sp\u00f4sobovalo horkos\u0165 a\u017e nepo\u017e\u00edvate\u013enos\u0165 z\u00edskanej m\u00faky.<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00edm z v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch z\u00e1stupcov m\u00fazejn\u00e9ho herb\u00e1ra je konringia v\u00fdchodn\u00e1, kriticky ohrozen\u00fd druh kapustovitej rastliny. V\u00a0okol\u00ed \u017diliny prirodzene nerastie, predmetn\u00fd zdokumentovan\u00fd n\u00e1lez je z\u00a0 Bielych Karp\u00e1t, ale rovnako ako pre ostatn\u00e9 spom\u00ednan\u00e9 druhy, v\u00a0minulosti bola u\u00a0n\u00e1s nepomerne hojnej\u0161ia. Hlav\u00e1\u010dik letn\u00fd je pod\u013ea \u010cerven\u00e9ho zoznamu rastl\u00edn Slovenska menej ohrozen\u00e1 rastlina z\u00a0pr\u00edbuzenstva iskern\u00edkov. V\u00a0roku 1994 sa na\u0161iel na okraji po\u013ea pri Lietavskej Svinnej. Rastie zriedkavo v\u00a0tepl\u00fdch oblastiach Slovenska v\u00a0po\u013en\u00fdch kult\u00farach, aj popri cest\u00e1ch. Po\u010das kvitnutia ho do dia\u013eky prezr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa jeho pekn\u00e9 tehlovo\u010derven\u00e9 kvety s \u010diernou \u0161kvrnkou na b\u00e1ze. Drobnoby\u013e ro\u013en\u00e1 je zriedkav\u00e1 po\u013en\u00e1 burinka ozim\u00edn z\u00a0\u010de\u013eade ru\u017eovit\u00fdch. Jej najbli\u017e\u0161ia lokalita v\u00fdskytu bola zaznamenan\u00e1 v\u00a0Tepli\u010dke nad V\u00e1hom. V\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je na Slovensku ohrozen\u00fdm druhom.<\/p>\n

\u010co sp\u00f4sobuje ohrozenos\u0165 niektor\u00fdch v\u00a0minulosti be\u017en\u00fdch rastl\u00edn? Intenz\u00edvne obhospodarovan\u00e9 monokult\u00fary nadbyto\u010dne o\u0161etrovan\u00e9 herbic\u00eddmi a\u00a0umel\u00fdmi hnojivami, ktor\u00e9 sa rozliehaj\u00fa na roz\u013eahl\u00fdch hlboko zoran\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch bez medz\u00ed, \u00fahorov, krov\u00edn alebo obrasten\u00fdch po\u013en\u00fdch ciest. Neplat\u00ed to v\u0161ak pre v\u0161etky spolo\u010denstv\u00e1 bur\u00edn. P\u0155h\u013eava dvojdom\u00e1, p\u00fdr plaziv\u00fd, lipkavec oby\u010dajn\u00fd, pichlia\u010d ro\u013en\u00fd si poradia aj s\u00a0\u0165a\u017ek\u00fdmi \u017eivotn\u00fdmi podmienkami okraja po\u013en\u00e9ho hnojoviska. Prieber\u010divej\u0161ie rastliny viazan\u00e9 na orn\u00fa p\u00f4du v\u0161ak vy\u017eaduj\u00fa, aby boli zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 \u0161pecifick\u00e9 podmienky. Mozaika mal\u00fdch pol\u00ed\u010dok so striedan\u00edm rozmanit\u00fdch plod\u00edn v\u00a0predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich st\u00e1ro\u010diach bola pre nich naozajstn\u00fdm rajom. Jednej skupine sa darilo v\u00a0obiln\u00fdch pol\u00ed\u010dkach, in\u00e9 boli viazan\u00e9 na \u00fahory, okopaniny alebo technick\u00e9 plodiny ako \u013ean. V\u00a0polovici 20. storo\u010dia, s\u00a0utlmen\u00edm pestovania \u013eanu a\u00a0zdokonalen\u00edm agrotechnick\u00fdch postupov pri jeho pestovan\u00ed ako prv\u00e9 vymizli buriny viazan\u00e9 na \u013ean. Herbic\u00eddy a\u00a0umel\u00e9 hnojiv\u00e1 sp\u00f4sobili, \u017ee po\u010das 21. storo\u010dia sa \u010fal\u0161ie druhy bur\u00edn stali ve\u013emi zriedkav\u00fdmi. Ich v\u00fdskyt sa via\u017ee len na oblasti s\u00a0tradi\u010dn\u00fdm extenz\u00edvnym sp\u00f4sobom po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva. N\u00e1dejou na n\u00e1pravu je ekologiz\u00e1cia po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva, nielen n\u00e1dejou, \u017ee krajina bude pestrej\u0161ia na divorast\u00face druhy rastl\u00edn, vr\u00e1tane zriedkav\u00fdch bur\u00edn ornej p\u00f4dy, ale aj na \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy, biotopy, na \u00fahory, medze, po\u013en\u00e9 cesty, stromoradia a\u00a0prirodzen\u00e9 brehov\u00e9 porasty jarkov a\u00a0potokov a\u00a0t\u00f4n\u00ed. Je to rovnako n\u00e1dej pre stabilnej\u0161iu krajinu, kde sa h\u013ead\u00ed na ochranu p\u00f4dy pred er\u00f3ziou, na krajinu s\u00a0dostatkom p\u00f4dnej vlhkosti, ktor\u00e1 zabezpe\u010d\u00ed dos\u0165 \u00farody a\u00a0miesta pre \u017eivot a\u00a0jeho rozmanitos\u0165.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>text: Kv\u011bta Kickov\u00e1, Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum v\u00a0\u017diline<\/em><\/p>\n

foto: arch\u00edv Pova\u017esk\u00e9ho m\u00fazea v \u017diline<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
hlav\u00e1\u010dik letn\u00fd<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"\"<\/a>
drobnoby\u013e ro\u013en\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"\"<\/a>
k\u00fako\u013e po\u013en\u00fd<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"\"<\/a>
konringia v\u00fdchodn\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum v\u00a0\u017diline pravidelne predstavuje verejnosti zbierkov\u00fd predmet mesiaca a\u00a0ke\u010f\u017ee sa bl\u00ed\u017ei jar, v\u00a0marci to bud\u00fa vz\u00e1cne po\u013en\u00e9 buriny z\u00a0fondu botaniky. So zmenou krajiny a\u00a0sp\u00f4sobu hospod\u00e1renia v\u00a0nej sa men\u00ed aj jej fl\u00f3ra. Niektor\u00e9 druhy rastl\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 boli pred 60 rokmi be\u017en\u00fdmi sprievodcami po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych plod\u00edn s\u00fa dnes v\u00a0aktu\u00e1lnom \u010cervenom zozname veden\u00e9 ako nezvestn\u00e9 alebo kriticky ohrozen\u00e9. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":44022,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-44014","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality"],"yoast_head":"\nVz\u00e1cne po\u013en\u00e9 buriny z herb\u00e1ra zbierkov\u00fdm predmetom marca - Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=44014\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vz\u00e1cne po\u013en\u00e9 buriny z herb\u00e1ra zbierkov\u00fdm predmetom marca - Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum v\u00a0\u017diline pravidelne predstavuje verejnosti zbierkov\u00fd predmet mesiaca a\u00a0ke\u010f\u017ee sa bl\u00ed\u017ei jar, v\u00a0marci to bud\u00fa vz\u00e1cne po\u013en\u00e9 buriny z\u00a0fondu botaniky. So zmenou krajiny a\u00a0sp\u00f4sobu hospod\u00e1renia v\u00a0nej sa men\u00ed aj jej fl\u00f3ra. Niektor\u00e9 druhy rastl\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 boli pred 60 rokmi be\u017en\u00fdmi sprievodcami po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych plod\u00edn s\u00fa dnes v\u00a0aktu\u00e1lnom \u010cervenom zozname veden\u00e9 ako nezvestn\u00e9 alebo kriticky ohrozen\u00e9. 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