{"id":44150,"date":"2021-03-29T09:33:04","date_gmt":"2021-03-29T07:33:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=44150"},"modified":"2021-03-29T09:33:04","modified_gmt":"2021-03-29T07:33:04","slug":"velkonocne-zvyky-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=44150","title":{"rendered":"Ve\u013ekono\u010dn\u00e9 zvyky"},"content":{"rendered":"

Term\u00edn sl\u00e1venia sviatkov Ve\u013ekej noci je pohybliv\u00fd a z\u00e1vis\u00ed od lun\u00e1rneho cyklu. Ve\u013ekono\u010dn\u00e1 nede\u013ea je prv\u00e1 nede\u013ea po splne Mesiaca, ktor\u00fd nasleduje po dni jarnej rovnodennosti.<\/p>\n

Ve\u013ek\u00fa noc si pripom\u00ednaj\u00fa \u017didia i kres\u0165ania, pri\u010dom pre kres\u0165anov je to najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed sviatok cirkevn\u00e9ho roka, zasv\u00e4ten\u00fd zm\u0155tvychvstaniu Je\u017ei\u0161a Krista. Kres\u0165ansk\u00e1 trad\u00edcia sv\u00e4tenia m\u00e1 korene v\u00a0staro\u017eidovskom sviatku P\u00e9sach (Pascha).<\/p>\n

V\u00a0tradi\u010dnej kult\u00fare sa so sviatkami Ve\u013ekej noci sp\u00e1jali zvyky spojen\u00e9 s\u00a0pr\u00edchodom jari a za\u010diatkom po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych pr\u00e1c, ktor\u00fdmi sa pre \u013eud\u00ed za\u010d\u00ednal nov\u00fd rok.<\/p>\n

Mnoh\u00e9 zlo\u017eky oby\u010dajov maj\u00fa p\u00f4vod e\u0161te v\u00a0pohansk\u00fdch agr\u00e1rnych kultoch. Kres\u0165anstvo prevzalo viacer\u00e9 ritu\u00e1lne prvky, napr\u00edklad sv\u00e4tenie zelene, p\u00f4dy, vody, ritu\u00e1lnu funkcia oh\u0148a, \u010di sv\u00e4tenie jed\u00e1l. T\u00fdmto v\u0161etk\u00fdm sa malo zabezpe\u010di\u0165 jedin\u00e9 \u2013 existencia \u013eud\u00ed v\u00a0\u010fal\u0161om obdob\u00ed. \u017delan\u00e9mu cie\u013eu zodpovedali prostriedky, pomocou ktor\u00fdch ich chceli \u013eudia dosiahnu\u0165. Patrili medzi ne zelen\u00e9 ratolesti, voda, ohe\u0148, vaj\u00ed\u010dko a\u00a0obradov\u00e9 jedl\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Zelen\u00e9 ratolesti symbolizovali preb\u00fadzaj\u00facu sa pr\u00edrodu. Vo ve\u013ekono\u010dnom obdob\u00ed ich nach\u00e1dzame vo forme bahniatok, ozdoben\u00fdch hal\u00fazok, takzvan\u00fdch lete\u010diek \u010di vo forme ve\u013ekono\u010dn\u00fdch korb\u00e1\u010dov.<\/p>\n

Voda je prostriedkom o\u010disty \u010dloveka. Aby obrady priniesli \u017eiadan\u00fd v\u00fdsledok, \u013eudia sa po\u010das ve\u013ekono\u010dn\u00e9ho t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148a d\u00f4kladne um\u00fdvali a\u00a0\u010distili aj obydlie, zariadenie a predmety, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvali v\u00a0dom\u00e1cnosti a\u00a0tie\u017e zvierat\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Ohe\u0148 mal magicko-o\u010distn\u00fa funkciu a pou\u017e\u00edval sa na zah\u00e1\u0148anie zl\u00fdch s\u00edl.<\/p>\n

Vaj\u00ed\u010dko je najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00ed symbol plodnosti a obnovy \u017eivota. Vo ve\u013ekono\u010dnom\u00a0obdob\u00ed ho nach\u00e1dzame ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 obradov\u00fdch jed\u00e1l \u010di vo forme krasl\u00edc.<\/p>\n

Samotn\u00e9 obradov\u00e9 jedl\u00e1 s\u00fa pripravovan\u00e9 najm\u00e4 zo \u201ezelen\u00e9ho\u201c (\u0161tiav, \u017eih\u013eava, \u0161al\u00e1t a \u0161pen\u00e1t), z\u00a0vaj\u00ed\u010dok (pra\u017eenica, baba, \u017elt\u00e1 hrudka), \u00a0ale s\u00fa to aj kol\u00e1\u010de a pe\u010div\u00e1 r\u00f4znych tvarov (bar\u00e1nok, paska, jud\u00e1\u0161ky) \u010di m\u00e4sit\u00e9 jedl\u00e1.<\/p>\n

SVIATKY\u00a0 VE\u013dKEJ\u00a0 NOCI<\/p>\n

Zelen\u00fd \u0161tvrtok<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00a0cirkevnom kalend\u00e1ri je Zelen\u00fd \u0161tvrtok ch\u00e1pan\u00fd ako spomienka na sl\u00e1venie poslednej ve\u010dere Je\u017ei\u0161a a dvan\u00e1stich apo\u0161tolov. Po\u010das om\u0161e sa zaviazali zvony a a\u017e do Bielej soboty\u00a0 sa namiesto nich pou\u017e\u00edvali rapk\u00e1\u010de. Niekde chodili s\u00a0nimi po dedine mal\u00ed chlapci, a tak hlukom zah\u00e1\u0148ali zl\u00e9 sily.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0tento de\u0148 sa tradi\u010dne konal prv\u00fd v\u00fdhon dobytka na pa\u0161u. Nesmeli sa vykon\u00e1va\u0165 niektor\u00e9 \u017eensk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce a\u00a0ani pracova\u0165 so zemou. Naopak, term\u00edn Zelen\u00e9ho \u0161tvrtka bol vhodn\u00fd na siatie a sadenie niektor\u00fdch plod\u00edn (mak, hrach, b\u00f4b, zamiaky). Gazdin\u00e9 mali v\u00a0tento de\u0148 poum\u00fdva\u0165 v\u0161etok riad, ktor\u00fd v\u00a0dom\u00e1cnosti pou\u017e\u00edvali.<\/p>\n

Zn\u00e1me je um\u00fdvanie sa v\u00a0potoku, v\u017edy pred v\u00fdchodom Slnka. \u010cloveku malo prinies\u0165 zdravie, kr\u00e1su, silu a verilo sa, \u017ee p\u00f4sob\u00ed aj ako prevencia vo\u010di ko\u017en\u00fdm chorob\u00e1m (ekz\u00e9mom, svrabu). Ml\u00e1denci brodili na potoku i kone – tzv. brodky.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Chlapcom na Zelen\u00fd \u0161tvrtok strihali vlasy, aby ich mali pekn\u00e9, hust\u00e9 a aby im skoro ne\u0161ediveli.<\/p>\n

Roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fdm zvykom bolo aj nosenie mravcov do domu. Zvyk je zn\u00e1my takmer z\u00a0cel\u00e9ho \u00fazemia Slovenska. Pod\u013ea regi\u00f3nov ho praktizovali bu\u010f na Zelen\u00fd \u0161tvrtok alebo Ve\u013ek\u00fd piatok. Mravce znamenaj\u00fa mnohos\u0165, a tak obsypanie domu mravcami malo prinies\u0165 dom\u00e1cim ve\u013ea host\u00ed, diev\u010dat\u00e1m ve\u013ea n\u00e1padn\u00edkov, gazdinej ve\u013ea hydiny a mnoho znesen\u00fdch vajec.<\/p>\n

Ve\u013ek\u00fd piatok<\/strong> je sm\u00fato\u010dn\u00fd de\u0148 ve\u013ekono\u010dn\u00e9ho t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148a, kedy sa sl\u00e1vi ukri\u017eovanie Je\u017ei\u0161a Krista. V\u00a0\u013eudovej kult\u00fare sa v\u00a0tento de\u0148 konali oby\u010daje, ktor\u00e9 nadv\u00e4zovali na oby\u010daje Zelen\u00e9ho \u0161tvrtka (um\u00fdvanie sa v\u00a0potoku, brodky).<\/p>\n

Tento de\u0148 bol vhodn\u00fd pre prv\u00e9 dojenie oviec, zastrihovanie vlastn\u00edckych znakov na u\u0161iach oviec, \u010desanie vlasov pod v\u0155bou alebo topo\u013eom, aby boli dlh\u00e9 a pekn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Na ve\u013ek\u00fd p\u00f4st sa nechodilo ani na voh\u013eady.<\/p>\n

Biela sobota<\/strong> je cirkevn\u00fdm sviatkom a sm\u00fato\u010dn\u00fdm d\u0148om. N\u00e1zov dostala pod\u013ea bielej farby r\u00facha, ktor\u00e9 sa v tento de\u0148 odovzd\u00e1va dospel\u00fdm, ktor\u00ed sa obr\u00e1tili na kres\u0165ansk\u00fa vieru. Katechumeni, ako sa im hovor\u00ed, prij\u00edmaj\u00fa na Bielu sobotu hne\u010f tri sviatosti \u2013 krst, prv\u00e9 sv\u00e4t\u00e9 prij\u00edmanie aj birmovku.<\/p>\n

Cirkevn\u00e9 obrady sa na Bielu sobotu za\u010d\u00ednali a\u017e po zotmen\u00ed. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm \u00fakonom bolo rozv\u00e4zovanie zvonov a pr\u00edprava na oslavu zm\u0155tvychvstania Je\u017ei\u0161a Krista. Pred kostolom sa p\u00e1lil ohe\u0148, kde sa spa\u013eovali zvy\u0161ky posv\u00e4tn\u00fdch predmetov \u2013 star\u00e9ho pa\u0161k\u00e1lu a oleja. Ohe\u0148 bol posv\u00e4ten\u00fd k\u0148azom a zapa\u013eovala sa n\u00edm nov\u00e1 hlavn\u00e1 svie\u010dka pa\u0161k\u00e1l.<\/p>\n

Uhl\u00edkom z pahreby kedysi \u013eudia pripisovali magick\u00e9 vlastnosti, dok\u00e1zali vraj ochr\u00e1ni\u0165 dom pred po\u017eiarom a d\u00e1vali sa aj na polia.<\/p>\n

Bohat\u00fa \u00farodu ovocia malo zabezpe\u010di\u0165 trasenie stromov.<\/p>\n

Pripravovali sa obradov\u00e9 jedl\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 sa na druh\u00fd de\u0148 sv\u00e4tili.<\/p>\n

Ve\u013ekono\u010dn\u00e1 nede\u013ea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Je vyvrcholen\u00edm ve\u013ekono\u010dn\u00e9ho t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148a, kedy sa oslavuje zm\u0155tvychvstanie Krista. V\u00a0mnoh\u00fdch oblastiach Slovenska sa v\u00a0tento de\u0148 zvykn\u00fa v\u00a0kostole sv\u00e4ti\u0165 jedl\u00e1 \u2013 \u0161unka, klob\u00e1sa, huspenina, pe\u010divo, maslo, vaj\u00ed\u010dka, syr, so\u013e a in\u00e9 suroviny. Mimoriadny v\u00fdznam sa pripisoval n\u00e1vratu z\u00a0bohoslu\u017eby. \u00daroda vraj dozrela ako prv\u00e9mu tomu, kto pribehol prv\u00fd domov. Tie\u017e mal pod\u013ea povery skon\u010di\u0165 ako prv\u00fd s\u00a0pr\u00e1cami na poli. Posv\u00e4ten\u00e9 vaj\u00ed\u010dka, pe\u010divo i m\u00e4so niekde nosili \u013eudia na hroby zosnul\u00fdch pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

Pam\u00e4tali v\u0161ak aj na \u00farodu. V tento de\u0148 i\u0161li do po\u013ea, po zasiatom obil\u00ed kot\u00fa\u013eali okr\u00fahly kol\u00e1\u010d, rozhodili tam \u0161krupiny z\u00a0vaj\u00ed\u010dok a zapichli posv\u00e4ten\u00e9 bahniatka, aby bola \u00faroda chr\u00e1nen\u00e1 pred b\u00farkou a krupobit\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Ve\u013ekono\u010dn\u00fd pondelok<\/strong><\/p>\n

Posledn\u00fd sviato\u010dn\u00fd de\u0148 Ve\u013ekej noci je zn\u00e1my najm\u00e4 \u0161iban\u00edm a olievan\u00edm diev\u010dat. Dnes s\u00fa tieto zvyky zn\u00e1me azda v\u00a0ka\u017edej obci Slovenska, no e\u0161te do polovice 20. storo\u010dia tomu tak nebolo. Obe formy poznali na juhoz\u00e1padnom Slovensku, pre z\u00e1padn\u00e9 Slovensko bolo typickej\u0161ie viac \u0161ibanie, k\u00fdm pre v\u00fdchodn\u00e9 Slovensko bolo charakteristickej\u0161ie k\u00fapanie. K\u00fapa\u010dky a \u0161iba\u010dky za\u010d\u00ednali kedysi hne\u010f po polnoci alebo skoro r\u00e1no. Skupinky ml\u00e1dencov chodili po dedine a nav\u0161tevovali domy, kde mali dospel\u00e9 diev\u010dat\u00e1. Tie sa d\u00e1vali \u0161iba\u0165, lebo sa verilo, \u017ee im to zabezpe\u010d\u00ed kr\u00e1su a zdravie. Chlapcom za odmenu pon\u00fakli vaj\u00ed\u010dka, kol\u00e1\u010de, v\u00edno alebo p\u00e1lenku. Surov\u00e9 vaj\u00ed\u010dka boli odmenou dospelej ml\u00e1de\u017ee a symbolizovali plodnos\u0165. Ve\u010der usporiadali ml\u00e1denci z\u00e1bavu, na ktor\u00fa pozvali aj dospel\u00e9 diev\u010dat\u00e1. Men\u0161\u00ed chlapci chodili na \u0161iba\u010dku doobeda a odmenou im boli kraslice a cukrovinky, v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti s\u00fa to \u010dokol\u00e1dov\u00e9 vaj\u00ed\u010dka aj peniaze.<\/p>\n

\u0160ibanie a olievanie, kedysi v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 magick\u00e9 \u00fakony, pretrvali a uskuto\u010d\u0148uj\u00fa sa dodnes. No dnes je zv\u00fdraz\u0148ovan\u00e1 viac ich funkcia kolekt\u00edvnej z\u00e1bavy. Realizuj\u00fa sa preva\u017ene v\u00a0kruhu rodiny a pr\u00edbuzenstva a to nielen na dedin\u00e1ch, ale i v\u00a0mest\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Text: Adriana B\u00e1rdyov\u00e1<\/p>\n

Foto: Arch\u00edv PMZA \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Term\u00edn sl\u00e1venia sviatkov Ve\u013ekej noci je pohybliv\u00fd a z\u00e1vis\u00ed od lun\u00e1rneho cyklu. Ve\u013ekono\u010dn\u00e1 nede\u013ea je prv\u00e1 nede\u013ea po splne Mesiaca, ktor\u00fd nasleduje po dni jarnej rovnodennosti. Ve\u013ek\u00fa noc si pripom\u00ednaj\u00fa \u017didia i kres\u0165ania, pri\u010dom pre kres\u0165anov je to najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed sviatok cirkevn\u00e9ho roka, zasv\u00e4ten\u00fd zm\u0155tvychvstaniu Je\u017ei\u0161a Krista. Kres\u0165ansk\u00e1 trad\u00edcia sv\u00e4tenia m\u00e1 korene v\u00a0staro\u017eidovskom sviatku P\u00e9sach (Pascha). 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