{"id":46163,"date":"2021-11-05T09:10:56","date_gmt":"2021-11-05T08:10:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=46163"},"modified":"2022-02-23T08:31:18","modified_gmt":"2022-02-23T07:31:18","slug":"drotene-pohrebne-symboly-predmetom-mesiaca-november","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=46163","title":{"rendered":"Dr\u00f4ten\u00e9 pohrebn\u00e9 symboly predmetom mesiaca november"},"content":{"rendered":"

November je obdobie, v\u00a0ktorom spom\u00edname na svojich zosnul\u00fdch bl\u00edzkych. Preto sa predmetom tohto mesiaca stali pohrebn\u00e9 symboly z\u00a0drot\u00e1rskeho fondu Pova\u017esk\u00e9ho m\u00fazea. Dr\u00f4ten\u00e9 kostry na vence a\u00a0kvetinov\u00e9 dekor\u00e1cie boli typick\u00fdm v\u00fdrobkom dieln\u00ed slovensk\u00fdch drot\u00e1rov v\u00a0USA. Uplatnenie nach\u00e1dzali pri r\u00f4znych sl\u00e1vnostn\u00fdch \u010di pietnych pr\u00edle\u017eitostiach, naj\u010dastej\u0161ie v\u0161ak pri pohrebn\u00fdch obradoch. Zdvojen\u00e1 kon\u0161trukcia, vystu\u017een\u00e1 prie\u010dnymi rebrami, zvy\u010dajne chr\u00e1nen\u00e1 n\u00e1terom olejovej farby pred kor\u00f3ziou, b\u00fdvala vyplnen\u00e1 machom, do ktor\u00e9ho sa zapichovali \u017eiv\u00e9 kvety, predstavuj\u00face \u017eivot a\u00a0vzkriesenie. Popri klasickom kruhovom alebo ov\u00e1lnom tvare vyjadruj\u00facom ve\u010dnos\u0165 a cyklickos\u0165 \u017eivota, b\u00fdvali modelovan\u00e9 aj do in\u00fdch foriem symbolizuj\u00facich sm\u00fatok nad stratou bl\u00edzkeho \u010dloveka, vz\u0165ah k\u00a0zosnul\u00e9mu \u010di jeho charakteristick\u00fa osobnostn\u00fa \u010drtu. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie i\u0161lo o\u00a0po\u010detn\u00e9 tvarov\u00e9 vari\u00e1cie na mot\u00edvy srdca, kotvy, kr\u00ed\u017ea spodobuj\u00face l\u00e1sku, vieru a\u00a0n\u00e1dej. Najm\u00e4 kr\u00ed\u017ee, znak sp\u00e1sy, b\u00fdvali zobrazovan\u00e9 v\u00a0najr\u00f4znej\u0161\u00edch obmen\u00e1ch \u2013 ako jednoramenn\u00e9, dvojramenn\u00e9, malt\u00e9zske, stojace samostatne, alebo zakomponovan\u00e9 do \u0161t\u00edtov \u010di kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fdch kor\u00fan. Kres\u0165ansk\u00fa symboliku reprezentovali aj \u0161tyliz\u00e1cie vo forme otvorenej knihy \u2013 biblie. Samotn\u00fa smr\u0165 predstavovali harfy a\u00a0l\u00fdry, zlomen\u00e9 st\u013apy \u010di prasknut\u00e9 koles\u00e1. Pr\u00e1zdne v\u00e1zy a\u00a0amfory odkazovali na du\u0161u, ktor\u00e1 opustila telo, ve\u010dnos\u0165 spr\u00edtom\u0148ovali nebesk\u00e9 teles\u00e1 ako mesiac a\u00a0hviezdy i vz\u00e1jomne spojen\u00e9 elipsy (ohnivk\u00e1 re\u0165aze) \u2013 znak priate\u013estva pre\u017e\u00edvaj\u00faceho smr\u0165. In\u00e9, v metaforickom vyjadren\u00ed konca nazna\u010dovali komunik\u00e1ciu medzi nebom i kone\u010dn\u00fa bilanciu pozemsk\u00fdch \u010dinov (rebr\u00edky, nebesk\u00e9 br\u00e1ny, hodiny osudu, pergamenov\u00e9 zvitky, v\u00e1hy \u017eivota). Be\u017en\u00e9 b\u00fdvali dekor\u00e1cie v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu, napr\u00edklad p\u00edsmen\u00e1 (\u010dasto inici\u00e1ly mien) a\u00a0\u0161t\u00edty, na ktor\u00fdch sa vytv\u00e1rali vzory vyu\u017eit\u00edm r\u00f4znych druhov rastl\u00edn, ich ve\u013ekosti, \u0161trukt\u00fary a farebnosti.<\/p>\n

K najzauj\u00edmavej\u0161\u00edm dr\u00f4ten\u00fdm artefaktom z tejto kateg\u00f3rie v\u0161ak patrili symboly pripom\u00ednaj\u00face osobnos\u0165, z\u00e1\u013euby a povolanie zomrel\u00e9ho (hasi\u010dsk\u00e1 helma, drevoruba\u010dsk\u00e9 sekery, maliarska paleta), alebo jeho pr\u00edslu\u0161nos\u0165 k\u00a0r\u00f4znym organiz\u00e1ci\u00e1m a\u00a0spolkom, napr\u00edklad \u017eelezni\u010diarske \u010di slobodomur\u00e1rske embl\u00e9my. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina kostier bola tvarovan\u00e1 v\u00a0plo\u0161nej kompoz\u00edcii. V\u00fdnimku tvorili trojrozmern\u00e9 modely dopran\u00fdch prostriedkov (plachetnice, vlak), patriace do kateg\u00f3rie atrib\u00fatov zobrazuj\u00facich povolanie alebo z\u00e1\u013euby zomrel\u00e9ho, zvony, pr\u00edpadne hlava jele\u0148a vyjadruj\u00faca zbo\u017enos\u0165 a du\u0161u t\u00fa\u017eiacu po Bohu. Nazna\u010den\u00e9 v\u00a0\u0161tylizovan\u00fdch z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch obrysoch svojim v\u00fdtvarn\u00fdm rie\u0161en\u00edm predstavovali prv\u00e9 plastiky, ktor\u00e9 priamo ovplyvnili roz\u0161\u00edrenie vyu\u017eitia dr\u00f4tu v umeleckej tvorbe a\u00a0vznik neskor\u0161\u00edch unik\u00e1tnych dr\u00f4ten\u00fdch s\u00f4ch.<\/p>\n

Dr\u00f4ten\u00e9 pohrebn\u00e9 symboly pre\u017e\u00edvali v\u00a0USA najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu popularitu koncom 19. a v prvej polovici 20. storo\u010dia. Vyr\u00e1bali ich mnoh\u00e9 drot\u00e1rske dielne popri inom tovare, ale aj ako svoj hlavn\u00fd produkt. Zn\u00e1me s\u00fa napr\u00edklad podniky Jozefa Kujan\u00edka v\u00a0New Yorku \u010di Imricha Bie\u0161\u010d\u00e1ra v Los Angeles. V\u00a0Pova\u017eskom m\u00fazeu sa zachovali aj produktov\u00e9 katal\u00f3gy firmy Norhern States Wire & Products Co. zo Saint Paul z Minnesoty a\u00a0podniku S. Nosacka & son z\u00a0New Orleans, v\u00a0ktorej kostry na kvetinov\u00e9 dekor\u00e1cie predstavovali doplnkov\u00fd sortiment popri produkcii ozdobn\u00fdch plotov, v\u00fd\u0165ahov\u00fdch klietok, bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch mre\u017e\u00ed pre po\u0161ty a banky, z\u00e1hradn\u00fdch alt\u00e1nkov a kovov\u00e9ho\u00a0n\u00e1bytku. Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum ich vo svojom zbierkovom fonde uchov\u00e1va takmer 40 kusov a v\u0161etky poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z\u00a030. a\u00a040. rokov 20. storo\u010dia.<\/p>\n

Dr\u00f4ten\u00e9 pohrebn\u00e9 symboly m\u00f4\u017eu n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edci vidie\u0165 v\u00a0infopulte Budat\u00ednskeho hradu po\u010das cel\u00e9ho novembra do utorka do nedele od 9.00 do 16.00.<\/p>\n

Text: Katar\u00edna Hallonov\u00e1, oddelenie drot\u00e1rstva<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Symbol viery, n\u00e1deje a l\u00e1sky<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"\"<\/a>
Kostra na kvetinov\u00e9 dekor\u00e1cie. Slobodomur\u00e1rsky symbol<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"\"<\/a>
Slobodomur\u00e1rsky symbol<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"\"<\/a>
Zlomen\u00e9 koleso – symbol preru\u0161en\u00e9ho \u017eivota<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"\"<\/a>
Drot\u00e1rska diel\u0148a Jozefa Kujan\u00edka v New Yorku na za\u010diatku 20. storo\u010dia<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"\"<\/a>
Str\u00e1nky z katal\u00f3gu firmy v Minnesote<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"\"<\/a>
Uk\u00e1\u017eka z produkcie firmy S. Nosacka and son z New Orleans<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"\"<\/a>
Predmet mesiaca november v infopulte Budat\u00ednskeho hradu<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"\"<\/a>
Predmet mesiaca november v infopulte Budat\u00ednskeho hradu<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

November je obdobie, v\u00a0ktorom spom\u00edname na svojich zosnul\u00fdch bl\u00edzkych. Preto sa predmetom tohto mesiaca stali pohrebn\u00e9 symboly z\u00a0drot\u00e1rskeho fondu Pova\u017esk\u00e9ho m\u00fazea. Dr\u00f4ten\u00e9 kostry na vence a\u00a0kvetinov\u00e9 dekor\u00e1cie boli typick\u00fdm v\u00fdrobkom dieln\u00ed slovensk\u00fdch drot\u00e1rov v\u00a0USA. Uplatnenie nach\u00e1dzali pri r\u00f4znych sl\u00e1vnostn\u00fdch \u010di pietnych pr\u00edle\u017eitostiach, naj\u010dastej\u0161ie v\u0161ak pri pohrebn\u00fdch obradoch. Zdvojen\u00e1 kon\u0161trukcia, vystu\u017een\u00e1 prie\u010dnymi rebrami, zvy\u010dajne chr\u00e1nen\u00e1 n\u00e1terom […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":46179,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-46163","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality"],"yoast_head":"\nDr\u00f4ten\u00e9 pohrebn\u00e9 symboly predmetom mesiaca november - Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=46163\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dr\u00f4ten\u00e9 pohrebn\u00e9 symboly predmetom mesiaca november - Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"November je obdobie, v\u00a0ktorom spom\u00edname na svojich zosnul\u00fdch bl\u00edzkych. Preto sa predmetom tohto mesiaca stali pohrebn\u00e9 symboly z\u00a0drot\u00e1rskeho fondu Pova\u017esk\u00e9ho m\u00fazea. Dr\u00f4ten\u00e9 kostry na vence a\u00a0kvetinov\u00e9 dekor\u00e1cie boli typick\u00fdm v\u00fdrobkom dieln\u00ed slovensk\u00fdch drot\u00e1rov v\u00a0USA. Uplatnenie nach\u00e1dzali pri r\u00f4znych sl\u00e1vnostn\u00fdch \u010di pietnych pr\u00edle\u017eitostiach, naj\u010dastej\u0161ie v\u0161ak pri pohrebn\u00fdch obradoch. 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