Zbierkov\u00fd predmet mesiaca december poch\u00e1dza z\u00a0umelecko-historick\u00e9ho fondu Pova\u017esk\u00e9ho m\u00fazea. Ide o\u00a0drevorez \u010ci\u010dmianska matka, ktor\u00e9ho autorkou je \u010di\u010dmianska rod\u00e1\u010dka Matilda \u010cechov\u00e1, ktor\u00e1 sa ako jedna z\u00a0prv\u00fdch \u017eien na Slovensku venovala grafickej tvorbe. V\u00a0 rokoch 1948 \u2013 1949 vytvorila\u00a0 nieko\u013eko grafick\u00fdch listov s n\u00e1metom matky s die\u0165a\u0165om, v ktor\u00fdch prirodzen\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom prepojila tematiku materstva so svojim citov\u00fdm vz\u0165ahom k rodnej obci \u010ci\u010dmany. Podobne ako mnoh\u00ed in\u00ed slovensk\u00ed umelci (najm\u00e4 v prvej polovici 20. storo\u010dia), aj ona sa tu obracia k ikonografick\u00e9mu vzoru zobrazovania Madony s die\u0165a\u0165om a k jeho vari\u00e1ci\u00e1m roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fdm v sakr\u00e1lnom prostred\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Akoby samozrejm\u00e9 prel\u00ednanie sa prof\u00e1nneho so sakr\u00e1lnym vo vo\u013enom\u00a0umeleckom spracovan\u00ed tohto n\u00e1metu vypl\u00fdvalo predov\u0161etk\u00fdm z religi\u00f3zneho naladenia st\u00e1le tradi\u010dne orientovanej slovenskej spolo\u010dnosti. V\u00a0civilnej umeleckej rovine v\u0161ak jednotliv\u00fdm autorom umo\u017e\u0148ovalo vyu\u017ei\u0165 vn\u00fatorne za\u017eit\u00e9 tradi\u010dn\u00e9 \u201evzorce\u201c k\u00a0vyjadreniu vlastn\u00e9ho pre\u017eitku a\u00a0napriek ich prel\u00ednaniu s\u00a0modern\u00fdmi v\u00fdrazov\u00fdmi prostriedkami, zachova\u0165 v\u0161eobecn\u00fa zrozumite\u013enos\u0165 nov\u00e9ho stv\u00e1rnenia. Z\u00a0obidvoch d\u00f4vodov je z\u00a0p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho sakr\u00e1lneho vzoru s\u00a0ob\u013eubou preberan\u00fd aj nesporne naj\u010ditate\u013enej\u0161\u00ed atrib\u00fat v\u00fdnimo\u010dnosti post\u00e1v i\u00a0celej sc\u00e9ny \u2013 sv\u00e4to\u017eiara.<\/p>\n
V\u00a0grafickom liste \u010ci\u010dmianska matka<\/strong> (1949-1957) sa autorka s\u00fastredila na vyjadrenie obsahovej podstaty n\u00e1metu, ktor\u00fd zovrela do tvarovo i\u00a0kompozi\u010dne zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9ho prevedenia zbaven\u00e9ho popisn\u00fdch detailov. Lapid\u00e1rne podan\u00e9 pohyby a\u00a0gest\u00e1 \u2013 die\u0165a ne\u017ene prit\u00edskan\u00e9 matkou a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa k\u00a0nej primk\u00fdnaj\u00face, tv\u00e1re nato\u010den\u00e9 k\u00a0sebe a\u00a0poh\u013eady, ktor\u00e9 sa \u201erozpr\u00e1vaj\u00fa\u201c \u2013 n\u00e1m o\u00a0to intenz\u00edvnej\u0161ie poskytuj\u00fa v\u00fdsti\u017en\u00fd obraz l\u00e1skypln\u00e9ho vz\u0165ahu, materinskej ochrany aj pocitu bezpe\u010dia die\u0165a\u0165a. Z\u00e1merne zd\u00f4raznen\u00e1 rudiment\u00e1rnos\u0165 techniky drevorezu vn\u00e1\u0161a s\u00fa\u010dasne do v\u00fdjavu impulz\u00edvne expres\u00edvny\u00a0t\u00f3n, ktor\u00fd pod\u010diarkuje jeho v\u00fdznamov\u00fa aj emocion\u00e1lnu str\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n Sv\u00e4to\u017eiara okolo hlavy die\u0165a\u0165a poukazuje u\u017e v\u00a0prvom pl\u00e1ne na d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 jeho samotn\u00e9ho, ale kompozi\u010dne aj v\u00fdznamovo sa pritom dop\u013a\u0148a so sl\u00e1vnostnou\u00a0pokr\u00fdvkou hlavy matky, tzv. podvikou. Podvika, ktor\u00e1 sa v\u00a0\u010di\u010dmianskom prostred\u00ed udr\u017eala a\u017e do polovice p\u00e4\u0165desiatych rokov, b\u00fdvala s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou sob\u00e1\u0161neho odevu, nosila sa na krst, na v\u00e1dzku a\u00a0patrila aj ku sviato\u010dn\u00e9mu odevu vydat\u00fdch \u017eien. Vo vz\u00e1jomnom vz\u0165ahu oboch atrib\u00fatov, na jednej strane v\u00fdnimo\u010dnosti a\u00a0na druhej sl\u00e1vnostnosti, si tak m\u00f4\u017eeme uvedomi\u0165 mimoriadny v\u00fdznam die\u0165a\u0165a v\u00a0\u017eivote \u017eeny.<\/p>\n Po autorkinej neskor\u0161ej farebnej \u00faprave formou litografickej dotla\u010de v\u00a0roku 1957, ku ktorej sa via\u017ee aj datovanie n\u00e1\u0161ho v\u00fdtla\u010dku, z\u00edskala drsn\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara p\u00f4vodne \u010dierno-bielej plochy drevorezu m\u00e4k\u0161\u00ed, dekorat\u00edvnej\u0161\u00ed ale aj emot\u00edvnej\u0161\u00ed vzh\u013ead. \u017dlt\u00e1, okrov\u00e1, oran\u017eov\u00e1, \u010derven\u00e1 a\u00a0biela \u2013 farby, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa z\u00e1rove\u0148 farbami \u010di\u010dmianskych krojov \u2013 menia cel\u00fd v\u00fdjav na iskrivej\u0161\u00ed, optimistickej\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0pre oko e\u0161te p\u00fatavej\u0161\u00ed. V\u00a0rovine symbolickej je ale drevorez Matildy \u010cechovej nie\u010d\u00edm viac \u2013 na pozad\u00ed odkazov na vidiecky \u017eivot a\u00a0konkr\u00e9tne \u010di\u010dmianske prostredie ho m\u00f4\u017eeme ch\u00e1pa\u0165 ako oslavu v\u0161eobecn\u00fdch a\u00a0trval\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t \u2013 materstva a\u00a0nov\u00e9ho \u017eivota, nie\u010doho z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00e9ho a posv\u00e4tn\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n Matilda \u010cechov\u00e1<\/strong> sa narodila v\u00a021.3. 1908 v\u00a0\u010ci\u010dmanoch. V\u00a0rokoch 1912 a\u017e 1921 \u017eila s\u00a0rodi\u010dmi v\u00a0Rak\u00fasku, kde jej otec p\u00f4sobil ako putovn\u00fd obchodn\u00edk a kde nav\u0161tevovala z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 \u0161koly v\u00a0rozli\u010dn\u00fdch oblastiach krajiny. Po n\u00e1vrate na Slovensko \u017eili z\u00a0toho ist\u00e9ho d\u00f4vodu na Slovensku aj v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch. V\u00a0rokoch 1929 \u2013 1931 \u0161tudovala na U\u010dite\u013eskom \u00fastave v\u00a0Martine a\u00a0n\u00e1sledne striedavo pedagogicky p\u00f4sobila na Rodinnej odbornej \u0161kole pre \u017eensk\u00e9 povolania v\u00a0Bratislave. Tu popri zamestnan\u00ed nav\u0161tevuje textiln\u00e9 oddelenie F. Mal\u00e9ho na \u0160kole umeleck\u00fdch remesiel (1935-1936) a\u00a0v\u00a0rokoch 1941-1947 pokra\u010duje v\u00a0\u0161t\u00fadiu na Oddelen\u00ed kreslenia a\u00a0ma\u013eovania SV\u0160T (prof. G. Mall\u00fd, M. Schurmann, J. Mudroch), taktie\u017e v\u00a0Bratislave.<\/p>\n Rozhoduj\u00faci pre jej umeleck\u00fd prejav bol jednoro\u010dn\u00fd \u0161tudijn\u00fd pobyt na Akad\u00e9mii v\u00fdtvarn\u00fdch umen\u00ed v\u00a0R\u00edme, kde \u0161tuduje ma\u013ebu a\u00a0grafiku (oddelenie grafiky prof. M. Maccariho). Formuje si vlastn\u00fd grafick\u00fd rukopis – tvarovo \u00fasporn\u00fd, postaven\u00fd na kontraste ve\u013ek\u00fdch \u010diernych a\u00a0bielych pl\u00f4ch s\u00a0nepresn\u00fdmi obrysmi a\u00a0na kresbe hrub\u00fdmi a\u017e impulz\u00edvne veden\u00fdmi \u010diarami. Tvarov\u00e9 a\u00a0kompozi\u010dn\u00e9 zjednodu\u0161enia a\u00a0kon\u0161trukt\u00edvny pr\u00edstup k\u00a0v\u00fdstavbe plochy s\u00fa v\u0161ak bl\u00edzke aj jej maliarskemu c\u00edteniu.<\/p>\n Po n\u00e1vrate na Slovensko upozor\u0148uje na seba predov\u0161etk\u00fdm svojou grafickou tvorbou, ktorej sa venuje ako jedna z\u00a0prv\u00fdch \u017eien u\u00a0n\u00e1s. V\u00a0tejto oblasti sa za\u010dle\u0148uje do\u00a0\u0161ir\u0161ieho pr\u00fadu mladej slovenskej grafiky, ktor\u00fd programovo prep\u00e1ja trad\u00edcie \u013eudov\u00e9ho drevorezu a \u013eudov\u00e9ho umenia v\u00f4bec s\u00a0modern\u00fdm grafick\u00fdm jazykom. Popri \u013eudovom umen\u00ed nach\u00e1dza najsilnej\u0161ie in\u0161pira\u010dn\u00e9 zdroje v\u00a0\u017eivote na vidieku a\u00a0v\u00a0krajine \u2013 zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 bl\u00edzke s\u00fa jej rodn\u00e9 \u010ci\u010dmany a nesk\u00f4r najm\u00e4 oravsk\u00e1 krajina.<\/p>\n Okrem grafiky, olejoma\u013eby a\u00a0akvarelu sa intenz\u00edvne venuje kresbe a\u00a0tie\u017e textilnej tvorbe. Patr\u00ed k\u00a0prv\u00fdm umelcom, ktor\u00ed koncom p\u00e4\u0165desiatych a\u00a0za\u010diatkom \u0161es\u0165desiatych rokov reaguj\u00fa svojimi n\u00e1vrhmi a\u00a0spolupr\u00e1cou s\u00a0gobel\u00ednovou manufakt\u00farou vo Vala\u0161skom Mezi\u0159\u00ed\u010d\u00ed na st\u00fapaj\u00faci z\u00e1ujem o\u00a0tapis\u00e9riu. Ku gobel\u00ednu \u010dasom prip\u00e1ja aj art-protisy.<\/p>\n \u00a0V roku 1951 zanech\u00e1va Matilda \u010cechov\u00e1 dlhoro\u010dn\u00fa pedagogick\u00fa \u010dinnos\u0165 a\u00a0odvtedy a\u017e do svojej smrti p\u00f4sob\u00ed v\u00a0slobodnom povolan\u00ed. Popri svojej umeleckej tvorbe rozv\u00edja u\u017e po\u010das svojho p\u00f4sobenia na \u0161kole aj zberate\u013esk\u00fa \u010dinnos\u0165 v\u00a0oblasti slovensk\u00e9ho \u013eudov\u00e9ho umenia. Jej zbierka \u013eudov\u00e9ho odevu a\u00a0textilu je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou zbierkov\u00e9ho fondu Pova\u017esk\u00e9ho m\u00fazea. Oravsk\u00e1 gal\u00e9ria v\u00a0Dolnom Kub\u00edne vlastn\u00ed z\u00a0jej zbierok \u013eudov\u00e9 plastiky, ma\u013eby na skle a\u00a0keramiku. Ako spoluzakladate\u013eka sa Matilda \u010cechov\u00e1 zasl\u00fa\u017eila aj o\u00a0gal\u00e9riu \u013eudovej plastiky na Slanickom ostrove na Oravskej priehrade.<\/p>\n text: Zdeno Hogh<\/p>\n foto: arch\u00edv Pova\u017esk\u00e9ho m\u00fazea<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Zbierkov\u00fd predmet mesiaca december poch\u00e1dza z\u00a0umelecko-historick\u00e9ho fondu Pova\u017esk\u00e9ho m\u00fazea. Ide o\u00a0drevorez \u010ci\u010dmianska matka, ktor\u00e9ho autorkou je \u010di\u010dmianska rod\u00e1\u010dka Matilda \u010cechov\u00e1, ktor\u00e1 sa ako jedna z\u00a0prv\u00fdch \u017eien na Slovensku venovala grafickej tvorbe. V\u00a0 rokoch 1948 \u2013 1949 vytvorila\u00a0 nieko\u013eko grafick\u00fdch listov s n\u00e1metom matky s die\u0165a\u0165om, v ktor\u00fdch prirodzen\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom prepojila tematiku materstva so svojim citov\u00fdm […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":46333,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-46330","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality"],"yoast_head":"\n