{"id":50435,"date":"2022-03-31T15:12:49","date_gmt":"2022-03-31T13:12:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=50435"},"modified":"2022-05-02T11:03:54","modified_gmt":"2022-05-02T09:03:54","slug":"flasa-trpezlivosti-predmetom-mesiaca-april","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pmza.sk\/?p=50435","title":{"rendered":"F\u013ea\u0161a trpezlivosti predmetom mesiaca apr\u00edl"},"content":{"rendered":"

Predmetom mesiaca apr\u00edl sa stal v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fd predmet zo zbierkov\u00e9ho fondu drot\u00e1rstva. Ide o\u00a0f\u013ea\u0161u trpezlivosti s\u00a0mot\u00edvom ukri\u017eovania. Miniat\u00farne v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9 diela uzavret\u00e9 v\u00a0sklenen\u00fdch n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch predstavuj\u00fa \u0161pecifick\u00fa formu neprofesion\u00e1lneho v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9ho prejavu. Ich zhotovenie, trvaj\u00face \u010dasto desiatky hod\u00edn, kladie mimoriadne n\u00e1roky na zru\u010dnos\u0165, prec\u00edznos\u0165 a trpezlivos\u0165, pod\u013ea \u010doho dostali aj svoje pomenovanie. Vznikli pravdepodobne koncom 17. a\u017e za\u010diatkom 18. storo\u010dia v\u00a0nemeckom prostred\u00ed, odkia\u013e sa \u0161\u00edrili \u010falej do strednej a\u00a0z\u00e1padnej Eur\u00f3py. Pod\u013ea niektor\u00fdch zdrojov prv\u00e1 zn\u00e1ma f\u013ea\u0161a trpezlivosti poch\u00e1dza z\u00a0Anglicka a zhotovil ju v\u00a0roku 1719 nemeck\u00fd iluzionista, kaligraf a rytec Matthias Buchinger, a to aj napriek tomu, \u017ee sa narodil bez r\u00fak a\u00a0n\u00f4h. V\u00a0Uhorsku sa trad\u00edcia ich v\u00fdroby uchytila v\u00a0oblastiach s rozvinutou \u0165a\u017ebou horn\u00edn, miner\u00e1lov a\u00a0drah\u00fdch kovov, najm\u00e4 v\u00a0slovensk\u00fdch bansk\u00fdch mest\u00e1ch Banskej \u0160tiavnici, Kremnici, Hodru\u0161i, Pukanci a Banskej Bystrici. Obsahom flia\u0161 boli sklada\u010dky predstavuj\u00face sc\u00e9ny zo \u017eivota ban\u00edkov, \u010dasto umiestnen\u00e9 v\u00a0poschodov\u00fdch maket\u00e1ch ban\u00ed a\u00a0n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 v\u00fdjavy, naj\u010dastej\u0161ie umu\u010denie Krista. V\u00a0druhej polovici 18. storo\u010dia sa v z\u00e1padoeur\u00f3pskych n\u00e1morn\u00fdch ve\u013emociach\u00a0 (Holandsko, Anglicko, Taliansko) a\u00a0v\u00a0nasleduj\u00facom storo\u010d\u00ed aj v Amerike roz\u0161\u00edrila m\u00f3da vklada\u0165 do sklenen\u00fdch n\u00e1dob modely lod\u00ed.<\/p>\n

F\u013ea\u0161e trpezlivosti vznikali v\u00a0\u013eudovom prostred\u00ed, niektor\u00e9 azda aj na p\u00f4de kl\u00e1\u0161torov. Z\u00a0ich insitn\u00e9ho v\u00fdrazu a\u00a0do detailov verne spracovanej tematiky vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee ich zhotovovali\u00a0 v\u00fdtvarne zalo\u017een\u00ed\u00a0zru\u010dn\u00ed jedinci \u2013 ban\u00edci, n\u00e1morn\u00edci \u010di mn\u00edsi. Pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch iste znamenali v\u00edtan\u00fd doplnkov\u00fd pr\u00edjem. Miniat\u00fary ur\u010den\u00e9 do flia\u0161 pripom\u00ednali priestorov\u00e9 puzzle. Hlavn\u00e9 komponenty majstri vyrez\u00e1vali z\u00a0dreva, n\u00e1sledne ich poma\u013eovali pestr\u00fdmi farbami, niekedy aj pozlacovali \u010di postriebrovali. Ka\u017ed\u00fa sc\u00e9nu si najprv kompletne postavili mimo f\u013ea\u0161e, potom ju rozobrali na jednotliv\u00e9 \u010dasti, ktor\u00e9 pomocou dlh\u00fdch pinziet, dr\u00f4tov, \u0161n\u00farok, klin\u010dekov a\u00a0\u0161peci\u00e1lnych pom\u00f4cok vkladali cez relat\u00edvne \u00fazke hrdlo do vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho priestoru. Vz\u00e1jomne ich sp\u00e1jali \u010dapovan\u00edm, kol\u00edkmi a\u00a0fixovali lepom. Na dotv\u00e1ranie sc\u00e9n vyu\u017e\u00edvali aj papier, textil a\u00a0r\u00f4zne pr\u00edrodniny. Sklada\u010dky s\u00a0ban\u00edckou a\u00a0sakr\u00e1lnou tematikou naj\u010dastej\u0161ie zostavovali v hranat\u00fdch f\u013ea\u0161iach orientovan\u00fdch na v\u00fd\u0161ku, pre modely lod\u00ed s\u00fa typick\u00e9 okr\u00fahle n\u00e1doby, umiestnen\u00e9 vodorovne na osobitnom podstavci. Na z\u00e1ver do hrdla umiestnili korkov\u00fa, obvykle v\u0161ak dreven\u00fa z\u00e1tku, mnohokr\u00e1t s prie\u010dnou zar\u00e1\u017ekou v spodnej \u010dasti, presahuj\u00facou \u0161\u00edrku hrdla, ktor\u00e1 br\u00e1nila jej op\u00e4tovn\u00e9mu otvoreniu. Pre nezainteresovan\u00fdch dodnes predstavuje azda najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu technick\u00fa z\u00e1hadu t\u00fdchto pozoruhodn\u00fdch artefaktov.<\/p>\n

F\u013ea\u0161a trpezlivosti z Pova\u017esk\u00e9ho m\u00fazea (ev. \u010d. D 448, v\u00a038 cm, \u00d8 dna 11 cm) patr\u00ed k\u00a0predmetom poch\u00e1dzaj\u00facim z\u00a0p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho zbierkov\u00e9ho fondu. Je z\u00a0\u010d\u00edreho f\u00fakan\u00e9ho skla, trvalo uzavret\u00e1 drevenou tvarovanou z\u00e1tkou a cel\u00e1 opleten\u00e1 meden\u00fdm dr\u00f4tom technikou \u0161itej \u010dipky do siete s pravideln\u00fdmi koso\u0161tvorcov\u00fdmi okami. Vn\u00fatro vyp\u013a\u0148a sklada\u010dka z kolorovan\u00e9ho\u00a0dreva a\u00a0papiera, zn\u00e1zor\u0148uj\u00faca v\u00fdjav z Golgoty. Na jej spodnej strane je ru\u010dne (atramentom) vp\u00edsan\u00e9 pravdepodobne meno tvorcu sklada\u010dky, d\u00e1tum a\u00a0miesto jej vzniku: Kazimierz\u00a0 Pawezki, Warszawa, ulica Brzezanowa, nom.<\/em> (\u010d.) 2., mieskanie<\/em> (byt) nom. 39; dnia<\/em> 2 lipca <\/em>(j\u00fala) 1894<\/em><\/p>\n

Do in\u0161tit\u00facie sa dostala v\u00a0\u010dase pr\u00edprav na zalo\u017eenie mestsk\u00e9ho m\u00fazea v\u00a0\u017diline za\u010diatkom 40. rokov minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia z\u00a0pozostalosti Jozefa Hol\u00e1nika-Bake\u013ea, jedn\u00e9ho z\u00a0najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edch drot\u00e1rskych majstrov, poch\u00e1dzaj\u00faceho z\u00a0obce Dlh\u00e9 Pole. Presl\u00e1vil sa v\u00fdrobou luxusn\u00fdch pozl\u00e1ten\u00fdch a\u00a0postriebren\u00fdch \u00fa\u017eitkovo-dekorat\u00edvnych predmetov z\u00a0mosadzn\u00e9ho dr\u00f4tu. Plietol ich vlastnou autorskou technikou, v\u00a0ktorej skombinoval tradi\u010dn\u00e9 ko\u0161ik\u00e1rske, drot\u00e1rske a\u00a0\u0161perk\u00e1rske pracovn\u00e9 postupy tak, \u017ee v\u00fdsledn\u00fd v\u00fdplet pripom\u00ednal \u010dipku. Od\u00a0roku 1890 a\u017e do prvej svetovej vojny p\u00f4sobil vo Var\u0161ave, kde zalo\u017eil a\u00a0viedol prosperuj\u00facu drot\u00e1rsku diel\u0148u. Tam pravdepodobne aj tento unik\u00e1tny v\u00fdtvor do svojho majetku z\u00edskal.<\/p>\n

Jozef Hol\u00e1nik bol vynikaj\u00faci remeseln\u00edk. Dokonale ovl\u00e1dal technol\u00f3giu pr\u00e1ce s\u00a0dr\u00f4tom a\u00a0jeho v\u00fdrobky sa vyzna\u010dovali \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdm remeseln\u00fdm spracovan\u00edm v\u00a0ka\u017edom detaile. Aj dr\u00f4ten\u00e1 sie\u0165 na f\u013ea\u0161i trpezlivosti je zhotoven\u00e1 s\u00a0istotou a\u00a0ve\u013emi prec\u00edzne. Nep\u00f4sob\u00ed ru\u0161ivo, ale sklo esteticky dotv\u00e1ra, \u010do n\u00e1s opr\u00e1v\u0148uje k\u00a0domnienke, \u017ee je dielom samotn\u00e9ho majstra Hol\u00e1nika, ktor\u00fd sa takto sna\u017eil vz\u00e1cny predmet ochr\u00e1ni\u0165.<\/p>\n

Text: Mgr. Katar\u00edna Hallonov\u00e1 \u2013 histori\u010dka drot\u00e1rstva<\/p>\n

Foto: Anna Kuchar\u010d\u00edkov\u00e1<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Predmetom mesiaca apr\u00edl sa stal v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fd predmet zo zbierkov\u00e9ho fondu drot\u00e1rstva. Ide o\u00a0f\u013ea\u0161u trpezlivosti s\u00a0mot\u00edvom ukri\u017eovania. Miniat\u00farne v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9 diela uzavret\u00e9 v\u00a0sklenen\u00fdch n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch predstavuj\u00fa \u0161pecifick\u00fa formu neprofesion\u00e1lneho v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9ho prejavu. Ich zhotovenie, trvaj\u00face \u010dasto desiatky hod\u00edn, kladie mimoriadne n\u00e1roky na zru\u010dnos\u0165, prec\u00edznos\u0165 a trpezlivos\u0165, pod\u013ea \u010doho dostali aj svoje pomenovanie. Vznikli pravdepodobne koncom 17. a\u017e za\u010diatkom 18. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":50436,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50435","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality"],"yoast_head":"\nF\u013ea\u0161a trpezlivosti predmetom mesiaca apr\u00edl - Pova\u017esk\u00e9 m\u00fazeum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Predmetom mesiaca apr\u00edl sa stal v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fd predmet zo zbierkov\u00e9ho fondu drot\u00e1rstva. 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